V. RELATIONSHIP OF GENES TO ENZYMES 255 



Even the kappa bodies themselves can neither cause the production of 

 paramecin nor protect the protozoa from the killing action of parame- 

 cin, if they are contained only in small amount within the cell (56). 

 If the pattern of the protozoa is changed into that of kappa, paramecin 

 may be produced and, at the same time, the protozoa may become not 

 to be killed by paramecin. 



' It has actually been confirmed that both kappa and paramecin 

 contain desoxyribonuleic acid, both being present in the bodies of 

 killer organism^s, and both are unstable and inactivated at rates varying 

 with temperature. Paramecin is inactivated by pepsin, chymotrypsin, 

 and desoxyribonuclease, indicating that both protein and desoxyribonu- 

 cleic acid are compounds essential for its killing action, and more- 

 over paramecin particles are liberated from killer cells mechanically 

 disrupted and they are easily centrifuged down (57). 



Since most proteins present in a cell are synthesized under the 

 influence of the pattern of the genes, their pattern may be originally 

 identical with that of genes. But some proteins may reluctantly be 

 submitted to the genie pattern because of their peculiar configuration 

 which makes it difficult to form the pattern directed by the gene. 

 Such proteins may take their own natural patterns, if freed from the 

 control of the gene. 



Various kinds of proteins which are somewhat different in their 

 immunological specificity can exist in one and the same blood plasm. 

 Similarly, proteins with different original patterns may be present in 

 a single cell. But their original, peculiar patterns may be revealed 

 only when they are liberated from the cell, in which they have been 

 compelled to submit to the pattern of the gene. Recessive genes 

 possess extremely peculiar pattern of their own, although in the 

 presence of the dominant genes they are forced to change their 

 patterns to be submitted to the direction of the dominant genes. 

 However, when once freed from the dominant genes, they recover their 

 original patterns and behave as independent genes in some cells where 

 there are no dominant genes. 



The cells especially those of bacteria are believed to consist of 

 various antigenic substances varying in chemical nature and biological 

 properties, and termed antigenic mosaic. However, according to the 

 theory of the writer as above stated, the cells are never the antigenic 

 mosaic ; the substances contained in the same cell should be equal in 

 the antigenic pattern at least as long as they are present in the cell. 

 The isolation in a "pure form" may lead either to a damage of the 

 pattern or to the recovery of the original pattern as in recessive genes. 

 The protein components constituting bacterial cell bodies such as 

 those of pneumococci are called the somatic antigen, the specificity 



