296 IV. THE PRINCIPLES OF LIFE PHENOMENA 



reversibile decomposition have been shown with tobacco mosaic virus 

 protein as already referred to. 



The protein molecules of the same type tend to combine with one 

 another. The protoplasm or the organism is produced by this property 

 of protein, and the protein can reform organism even after the de- 

 composition into the protein. However, since the protoplasm is a 

 mixed crystal, the component or proteins are not necessarily of the 

 same structure. Proteins having different structures can form one 

 and the same protoplasm if the arrangement of their polar groups 

 can be subjected to the original pattern of the protoplasm, and thus 

 they may exhibit various functions according to their various chemical 

 structures to accomplish a common purpose. 



Although the primitive primary organisms were presumably pro- 

 vided from the beginning with the size and shape of ordinary cells of 

 the present time, they would only be able to affect, like viruses, 

 other weaker organisms to transfer their template pattern to the 

 weaker. The faculty of protein synthesis might be obtained after 

 an immense span of time following their generation, as a result of 

 the proper differentiation of particles composing their body. Of 

 course, individuals composed of particles thus differentiated might be 

 much more fitted for the continued existence than those having un- 

 differentiated particles, and so the differentiation of the particles or 

 proteins and accordingly of the enzymes would be more and more 

 developed. 



The differentiation in the chemical structure, on the other hand, 

 would result in the differentiation in the physical structure of the 

 mass of assimilase or the organisms, since protein molecules or ele- 

 mentary bodies of the related chemical structure would preferably 

 combine with one another, and thus various form-elements such as 

 nucleus and cytoplasmic granules would be produced. As was already 

 stated, even the artificial cells prepared by the writer from plant 

 materials occasionally possess a variety of granules some of which 

 has the nucleus-like appearance. It can be demonstrated that such 

 granules stain particularly well when treated with a proper dye such 

 as fuchsin, showing that they are the aggregates of proteins with 

 related chemical structures different from those of other parts. 



Thus, in the ordinary cells of the present day organisms, ele- 

 mentary bodies containing DNA may agglutinate into a body termed 

 a nucleus, and those containing RNA may form various sized bodies, 

 i. e. cytoplasmic particles such as microsomes and mitochondria, 

 according to the different characters of the elementary bodies. Chan- 

 trenne (129) emphasized that the separation of the two fractions /. e. 

 microsomes and mitochondria, might be arbitrary, and suggested 



