324 ' IV. THE PRINCIPLES OF LIFE PHENOMENA 



with each other, the different strong structures of each gene would be 

 left in the combined individual instead of the complete disappearance 

 of one of them. The same would result if the gene itself, after 

 liberated from an organism, combined with the other organism. 



Thus, the splendid mechanism by which the characteristics of both 

 individuals are combined and left in. the progeny would be developed, 

 and since such a mechanism would be the most favourable for the 

 evolution of the organisms the differentiation of genes would be exten- 

 sively advanced until the highly complicated gene system of the present 

 higher organisms was attained. 



The phenomenon in which two individuals having different genes 

 combine or conjugate to produce new individuals that are endowed with 

 the characteristics of the two is called sexual reproduction. In this 

 case, one of them can achieve its function in a state of free gene and 

 termed male gamete or sperm, whilst the other involves considerable 

 quantities of cytoplasm in which combined pattern is to be spread or 

 multiply and is designated female gamete or egg. 



Viruses fail to retain their pattern unchanged, and consequently 

 undergo senescence, when continue to multiply in the same kind of 

 cell protoplasm because of their continual affliction by the assimilase 

 action of the host protoplasm, though they are stronger than the pro- 

 toplasm in the action. In entirely the same way, primeval primary 

 organisms would be unable to keep their pattern when continue to 

 multiply in the same group of protoplasm-like masses or primeval 

 organises. Therefore, they would need rejuvenescence for the con- 

 tinued existence. This rejuvenescence would be achieved by the contact 

 with another group of the masses just as viruses are rejuvenated by 

 the host change. The contact with another group is regarded as nothing 

 but the sexual conjugation ; the sexual process would arise for this 

 purpose of rejuvenescence, but in addition to this, through this process 

 a new character would be obtained by the combination of two different 

 structures, and hence the sexual process would become essential for 

 the evolution of the organisms both primary and secondary. 



The secondary organisms, however, would apply a peculiar method 

 for the rejuvenescence before they are enough evolved to achieve the 

 sexual reproduction. The method consists in their taking advantage 

 of the sexual process of the host with which they themselves are to 

 be rejuvenated. 



With the advancement in their structure, viruses become, as a rule. 



