XI. THE SUMMARY OF PART IV 325 



strong enough to be capable of spreading their pattern to the germ 

 cells of the host, and thus they can be transmitted to the progeny. 

 Primitive secondary organisms such as bacteria and protozoa which 

 cannot as yet achieve the evident sexual reproduction, may succeed to 

 the habitude of their ancestors, /. e. viruses. If the pattern of such 

 secondary organisms, say, bacteria is transferred to the mother germ 

 cell of the host, the pattern will be transmitted by the germ cell to 

 the progeny of the host in a form of virus-like particles. It is considered 

 that the pattern exists it the germ cell in an altered state, but with 

 the development of the germ cell into a full individual, the pattern in 

 the virus-like particles also develop into its original form, followed by 

 the fusion of the particles into the bacterial form. 



When the bacteria thus produced are injurious to the host, infection 

 will follow, and in case of the continued production of the bacteria, 

 the host will become bacterial carrier. On the other hand, it is possible 

 that some produced bacteria exhibit favourable effect upon the host. 

 In such a case the individuals harboured by the bacteria will be more 

 fitted for their existence than those without the bacteria, so that the 

 property to produce the bacterial pattern within its body will become 

 an essential inheritable character of the host. The example belonging 

 to this category is seen particularly in the relationship between insects 

 and microorganisms. 



Primitive secondary organisms can be rejuvenated in such a manner 

 to continue their existence, and at the same time can evolve higher by 

 taking advantage of the new structure which the host has acquired 

 through the sexual process. 



8 



Life is often compared to a fountain or a flame, and it is claimed 

 that life is a constant flow of both energy and substances. The advan- 

 cement of the assimilase with complication and enhancement in its 

 function would be followed by the requirement of energy for the 

 active function, and since this energy must be provided by the expendi- 

 ture of certain substances, active life phenomena should be always 

 accompanied by the flow of both energy and substances. Such a 

 flow is, however, only a by-product of life, never the life itself ; 

 presumably the distinct flow was revealed only after the assimilase 

 had considerably evolved. 



Viruses are known to be able to multiply in "dead" cells, that 

 is, in the cells which have lost the faculty of multiplication. This 

 fact indicates that for the multiplication of viruses at least not so 



