VI. THE MANNER OF THE GRADUAL CHANGE OF GENES 371 



chemical factors ; if caused by a virus, active group for the virus will 

 be raised. In short, the liberation of polar forces may result in the 

 shock to the cells, and the shock is revealed as inflammation. No 

 virus can usually be found following the inflammation due to stimuli 

 other than viruses, a fact which must be attributed to the transient 

 and labile nature of the polar forces. But normal structure of the 

 cell may sometimes become capable after inflammation of acting as a 

 virus upon other cells having weaker patterns. 



Lysogeny can be raised by the infection with phage, but certain 

 bacteria must originally be lysogenic without infection. The pattern 

 determining the lysogeny is controlled by the back-bone structure, and 

 so it should also be formed under the appropriate conditions and be lost 

 under some other conditions. For example, it is possible to 'cure' at 

 will a certain strain of bacteria from its lysogeny by serial transfers 

 in synthetic media (59), 



Human children may produce measles virus presumably because 

 the pattern of the virus inherited from the parent m.ay become com- 

 pleted as the individual development is coming to its completion. The 

 individual development must be brought about step by step by the 

 gradual change of back-bone structure of the gene ; the development 

 of a virus pattern also must be raised entirely in the same way, but in 

 order that the complete pattern acts as a virus the liberation of the 

 active group is needed. The seasonal effect upon the occurrence of virus 

 diseases is probably due to the liberation of the active group which is 

 effected by some hormones or a hormone whose secretion is under the 

 influence of seasonal factor. As the active group is of a transient 

 nature, it will disappear when the season is over ; but will reappear 

 in the next year when the same season comes. 



Such a transient group may likewise be involved in the revelation 

 of the pattern of cancers and also of that of parasitic bacteria. The 

 fact that the virus demonstration of Rous tumour of chickens cannot 

 be achieved constantly may be mainly based upon the inconstancy of 

 the liberation of active group rather than that of the maintenance of 

 the pattern in the particles. As already stated, animals irradiated 

 with X-ray may excrete in feces and in blood many types of bacteria 

 in abundance. This fact may be interpreted as due to the liberation 

 of active group of bacterial pattern by the irradiation as in the case 

 of the pattern of phage which will be activated by the ultraviolet ir- 

 radiation. The release of active group may probably be needed also 

 for the activation of normal pattern, that is, organisms may not deve- 

 lop a function or a shape corresponding to a certain back-bone struc- 

 ture of the gene unless the active group is released. 



Successive appearance of enzyme-like factors in the case of blood 



