436 V. THE NATURE OF EVOLUTION 



if the food intake of the animals is restricted severely. Even with 

 the tumours growing well, the animals survive longer on restricted 

 amounts of food (110). 



Thus it may be concluded that the nutritional defficiency and 

 perhaps uneasy life requesting nervous tension of animality during 

 the war were the cause of the reduction both in stature and in the 

 incidence of some infectious diseases such as whooping-cough and 

 measles. The same cause may increase tuberculosis. 



However, attention should be paid to the fact that, as shown in 

 Fig. 38, although the decline in mortality index of tuberculosis was 

 interrupted during the war, compensative, extensive decline occurring 

 after the war. Again, as already stated, Japanese children were re- 

 duced miserably in their stature during the War, but now they have 

 already not only recovered their former status but have become even 

 bigger, showing also the compensatory alteration. These facts may 

 suggest that the factor pushing forwards the orthogenetic change was 

 exerting its influence without stopping during the war, and that the 

 mode of social life may have only a superficial influence. However, 

 the more reasonable explanation is that the genie pattern having gra- 

 dually been attained by the orthogenetic change is so strong that it 

 cannot be altered permanently by the transient uncivilized life modus 

 with both nutrient deficiency and nervous uneasiness which may only 

 temporarily alter the pattern in the opposite direction, and that there- 

 fore on the removal of the factors involved in the uncivilized life 

 modus the former pattern can be readily recovered. Of course, if the 

 War lasted much longer, the former pattern would have been for- 

 gotten and as a consequence the compensatory alteration would have 

 never or hardly occurred. 



Huntington claimed that the only factor which promotes civiliza- 

 tion is a stimulating climate. Indeed, under a stimulating climate 

 man may become active both mentally and physically owing to the 

 stimulating effect of the climate upon hypophysis, and may tend to use 

 extensively the brain and related organs, which may subsequently be 

 developed, contributing to the promotion of civilization. The advanced 

 civilization will enable man to live an easy life with sufficient food, 

 thereby the factor arresting the stimulating action of climate exert- 

 ing on hypophysis is removed. Consequently, stimulating climate can 

 exert its full action, thus growth hormone being produced abundantly ; 

 at the same time, for the development of the brain or other organs 

 growth hormone may be required, and unusual use of the brain or 

 other organs may stimulate hypophysis. Thus man may increase 

 in his stature followed by the rapid promotion of civilization, which 

 may further lead to the more sufficient supply of nutrition with the 



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