THE ELASMOBRANCn FISHES 



209 



the oviduct of the female. In certain forms, as we shall see later, the tips of 

 the ovidncal veins are in communication with other veins in the cloacal region. 



POSTERIOR CARDINAL VEINS 



The posterior cardinal veins in the Elasmobranchs in general are two enlarged 

 vessels located at the sides of, and ventral to, the spinal column and ventro- 

 lateral to the dorsal aorta. In some types right and left postcardinals may 



rig. 194. General view of veins of body. 



A. MuMelus antarcUcus. (From T. J. Parker.) B. Eaia erinacea. (From Rand.) 



a.o.s., anterior cardinal sinus; hr.v., brachial vein; ed.v., caudal vein; cl.v., cloacal vein; 

 f.v., femoral vein; i.j., inferior jugular vein; il.v., iliac vein; l.a.v., lateral abdominal vein; 

 p.c, postcardinal vein; p.c.s., posteardinal sinus; r.p., renal portal vein; s.sc.v., subscapular 

 vein; s.cl.v., subclavian vein. 



form a fused vessel posteriorly (Scijllium and Raja) . In others the postcardi- 

 nals extend as separate vessels from the posterior tip of the kidney behind to 

 the sinus venosus in front. As a usual thing, liowever, only the right one ex- 

 tends backward the whole length of the kidney, while the left is attached to 

 the right {Mustelus, fig. 194a, p.c). 



In the sharks the anterior third of the posterior cardinals forms the enlarged 



