320 



THE ELASMOBRANCH FISHES 



Asterospondyly, 75 



Atrium. See Auricle 



Auditory (otic) capsule, 43, 55, 258, 271; 

 in embryo, 55 



Auditory nerve, 224-225, 243, 261, 273; 

 ganglion of, 224-225, 243 



Auditory organ (ear), 258-259, 264, 271- 

 273 



Auricle, 160, 170-171 



Auriculoventricular valves, 161, 171 



Autonomic nervous system. See Sympa- 

 thetic system 



Axial cartilage. See Basal cartilage 



Axial skeleton, 43-49, 53-75 



Axis cylinder, 238 



Axone, 229, 238; origin of, 238 



Basal angle, 44, 55; origin of, 53—55; re- 

 lation of, to orbital process, 44 



Basal (axial) cartilage, 50, 51, 81 



Basal (germinative) layer of epidermis, 

 23, 26 



Base of scale, 24, 32 



Basibranchial cartilage, 46, 65, 66 



Basilar artery, 186 



Basipterygium, 50, 51, 81, 82 



Batoidei, 8 



Beaker cell. See Gland cell 



"Beta" cartilage, 50, 51, 80, 95 



Bile, 137 



Bile duct, 124, 137 



Bipolar nerve cell, 229, 238; development 

 of, 229, 238 



Blood, 204 



Blood stream, 170 



Body cavity. See Coelom 



Body shape. See External form 



Bowman's capsule, 296, 298, 299-300, 302: 

 origin of, 299-300; transformation of, 

 in male, 302 



Brachial artery, 168, 191; in ray, 191 



Brachial vein, 202, 213, 214 



Brachioscapular artery, 168, 179 



Brachioscapular vein, 214 



Brain, 221-222; 229-236; arteries to, 165, 

 183-186; development of, 230; form of, 

 230-235; finer structure of, 236; veins 

 of, 198, 205, 206-207 



Branchial adductors, 93, 107 



Branchial afferent arteries, 161, 172-173; 

 in Chlamydose'laclius, 173 



Branchial arches, 45-46, 64-66; muscles 

 of, 93, 105-108; relation of, to gill 

 pouch, 147-148; segments of, 45-46, 



64-66; supernumerary rudimentary, 47, 



65-67 

 Branchial basket, 46, 204 

 Branchial clefts, external, see Gill clefts; 



internal, see Internal branchial aper- 

 tures 

 Branchial efferent arteries, 165, 182 

 Branchial nerves: of glossopharyngeal, 



244; of vagus, 149, 225-226, 245 

 Branchial rakers. See Gill rakers 

 Branchial rays, 45, 46, 67 ; in Torpedo, 67 ; 



on hyoid arch, 45, 67; relation of, to 



gill septum, 91, 152; relation of, to 



muscles, 93, 105-106, 152 

 Buccal ampullae, 262, 279; divisions of, 



262, 279; nerve to, 224, 242 

 Buccal artery, 182 

 Buccal cavity, 121-122, 128; lining of, 



128; stomodeal denticles in, 31, 38, 128; 



teeth in, 38, 128-131 

 Buccalis nerve, 224, 242; function of, 262, 



279; ganglion of, 242 

 Bursa entiana, 136 



Calcification, 53, 74-75 



Canals of head, 261-262, 274, 276-277; 

 development of, 275; divisions of, 274- 

 275; in rays, 277-278; nerves to, 262, 

 278-279 



Capillaries, 153, 157, 161, 170, 173, 212 



Carciiarias, 2, 9, fig. 16 



Cardiac stomach, 123, 135 



Cartilage, 53 



Cartilaginous branchial rays. See Bran- 

 chial rays 



Caudal (aorta) artery, 166, 169, 186 



Caudal fin, 6, 12, 14; skeleton of, 51-52. 

 74 



Caudal vein, 199, 208 



Caudal vertebrae, 72, 74 



Caudate lobe of liver, 124, 137 



Central canal of testis, 290, 301 



Central nervous system, 221-222, 229- 

 238; development of, 230 



Centrum, 48, 69, 71; calcification of, 70; 

 development of, 70 



Cephalic canals. See Canals of head 



Cephaloptera, 3 ; locomotion in, 13 



Cephaloscyllium, 2, fig. 1; color in, 27 



Ceratobranchial cartilages, 45, 46, 64, 65, 

 67; muscles to, 92, 152 



Ceratohyoid cartilage, 45 



Cerebellum, 222, 234 



