218 



INDEX 



Danish Meteorological Institute, 77. 



Davis, J., 3, 4, 57. 



Davis Strait, 6, 7, 17, 24, 39. 47. 129, 144. 181; currents, 

 42, 45, 117, 145; distribution of icebergs, 146, 149; 

 dynamic topographic maps, 147; earlv explora- 

 tion, 3; ice, 55, 59, 77; oceanography, IX, 176. 



Davis Strait and Baffin Bay. solar warming, 199. 



Dawson, W. B.. 112, 151, 207. 



Defant, A., 195, 205, 207. 



Dellaven, 47. 



DeQuervain, A., 5, 60, 71, 95. 



DeLong, G. W., 2, 26, 207. 



DeLong Islands, glaciation, 62, 64. 



Demolition of icebergs, 122, 123, 124. 



Denmark Harbor. 37. 



Density, fresh-water ice. 13; Grand Bank's water, 

 196; icebergs, 108, 110, 111, 112; sea ice, 13. 



Deutsche Seewarte, 54, 58, 161, 180, 207. 



Deutsche Seewarte Segelhandbuch, 77. 



Dietrichson Glacier. 82, 83, 84. 95. 



Diebitsch Glacier. 82. 



Disko Bay, 24. 70, 71, 72, 101, 108. 



Docker-Smith Glacier, 82. 



Dodge Glacier, 82. 



Devon Island. 68. 69. 



Disintegration of icebergs, 112. 115. 116; effect of 

 explosives, 122, 123, 124; rate, 117, 118, 119; split 

 ting, 121. 



Drifts, anchor ice, 33; Advance, 47; beset ships, 26, 

 27; casks, 26; Dutch whaling fleet, 37; Enterprise 

 and Investigator, 47; floe parties, 27; Fox, 47; 

 Greeley's boat. 47; Ilansa. 37; Jeannette. 38; 

 North Star, 47; Pol.\ri.s party. 17; Rescue, 47; 

 Resolute, 47; wreckage, 27. 



Drift casks, 26. 



Drift of icebergs, annual variations. 180, 181; Baffin 

 Bay, 1,36, 137; compared witli calculated currents, 

 162, 163. 164. 16.".; correlaliim factors, IS,",, 1S6. 187, 

 188, 189; controlled by, 77; Kast Greenl;uid, 75. 76 

 Hudson Strait. 14(i; Lahradr r coast. 149, l."i(); map, 

 160; pack-ice ellcct, 179, ISO; phenonienal. 161, 167: 

 rate south of Newfoundland, 156, 1.59; recorded by 

 ice patrol, 159, 160, 161; seasonal variation, 176, 177, 

 178, 179; seasonal variation south of Newfound- 

 land, 154, 155; seasonal wind effect, 176, 177; south 

 of Newfoundland, 150, 168; variable, 136; western 

 North Atlantic, 136; wind and current control, 

 128, 136. 



Dutch whaling fleet, 37, 168. 



Drygalski. K. von, 5, 60, 8.5, 91, 9.5, 99, 119, 129, 208. 



East Greenland icebergs, distribution, 75, 76; drifts 

 74, 75, 76, 77; location, 73, 74; phenomenal drifts, 

 75, 



East Greenland pack, advance, 37; description, 35. 

 37. 38; drift, 37, 38, 39, 40; East Iceland Tongue, 35; 

 isolation from Laborador current. 39; limits, 37; 

 map, 36; meteorological effect, 40; retreat, 38; 

 Storis, 37, 38. 



Easter Land, glaciation, 68. 



Eastern North American pack, annual volume, 189; 

 annual variations, 57, 58, 59, 60; cooling effect, 199; 

 description, 40, 41, 42; effect on icebergs, 179, 

 limits, 190; sources, 41. 



Eclipse Sound, 43, 



Edge Island, glaciers, 63. 



Edgedesminde, 145, 



Ekip-Sermia Glacier, 72, 85. 



Ekman, V. W.. 133, 176, 208. 



Ellesmere Land, 26; glaciation, 65; glaciers, 65, 66 

 67, 68; glaciers, iceberg productivity, 95; snowfall 

 62. 



Engel, M. C, 5, 91, 208. 



Enterprise and Investigator, 47. 



Erik Fjord, 69. 



Erosion of icebergs, 112, 115. 



Eskimos, 22, 68. 



Etah, 22, 



Eugenie Glacier, 65. 



Explorations, 2. 



Falk, E., 44. 



Fast ice, 14; Alaskan sector, 22; classification, 17: 

 date of disintegration, 24; date of formation, 24: 

 description, 21; distribution. 21; effect on icebergs. 

 24, 188; Fox Channel, 22; Greenland Sea, 22; 

 limits, 23; Melville Bay. 22, 84, 85; meteorological 

 effect, 22; regions of growth, 21; Siberian Shelf, 21, 

 Sikussak, 24; "Stamuhki," 23. 



Fisher. H. G.. 50, 208. 



Fiskerna^s, 37, 63, 76. 



Fjords, Academy, 78; Beistad, 66; Bessels, 64; Erik, 

 69; Frederick Hyde, 24; Godthaab, 76; Jacobshavn, 

 91, 93, 141; Kangerdlugssuak, 74; Karrat, 85; 

 Nachvak, 149; Nordenskiold, 78; Sognefjord, 205; 

 Stor, 63; Torsukatak, 141; Umanak, 86. 



Flemish Cap, 39, 77, 78, 152, 153, 167. 



Floating ice, 7. 



Floeberg, 14; origin, 30. 



Florida, 205. 



Folger, P., 169. 



Forbes. R. B.. 169. 



Forecast, icebergs south of Newfoundland. 189. 



Form and size of icebergs, blocky, 99; dome shaped, 

 100; height at glaciers, 104; largest in North At- 

 lantic, 107; valley type, 103. 



Fossil ice, 64. 



Fox, 43, 47, 57, 136. 



Fox Channel, fast ice, 22; ice conditions, 49, 51; 

 pack ice, 41. 



Fram, 2, 10, 26. 29. 



Fram Glacier, 66. 



Franklin, B., 169. 



Franklin, Sir John, VII, 68. 



Franz Josef Land, 26, 29; glaciation, 62, 64. 



Frederickshaab, 37. 



Frederickshaab Glacier, 94. 



Freezing of sea water, effect on North Atlantic, 193; 

 extent of temperature effect, 194; table, 9. 



Fresh water ice, density, 13. 



Fries, E. F. B., 150, 178, 208. 



Fridtjof Nansen Land(sef also Franz Josef Land), 

 64. 



Frobisher, M., 3, 3, .57. 



Frost smoke, 17, 19. 



Fury and Hecla Strait, 51. 



Fylla, 5. 



Gabriel Strait, 146. 



Gade Glacier, 82, 95. 



Gamble, A. L., 1.50, 208. 



Garde, T. V., 5, 74, 208. 



General Birch, 171. 



Geophysical Institute, Bergen, VIII. 



Germania Land, 74. 



Giesecke, 4. 



Giesecke Glacier, 82, 83, 95. 



Glacial ice, annual amount, 189, 191; compared with 

 volume of sea ice, 190, 197; density, 110; land ice, 

 60; regional distribution, 20; terminology, 14. 



Glaciation, Arctic Eurasia, 62; Axel Heiberg Land, 

 68. 69; Baffin Land, 69; Bylot Island, 69; Devon 

 Island, 68; Easter Land, 68; Ellesmere Land, 

 65, 66, 67, 68, 69; Franz Josef Land, 64, 65; Grant 

 Land, 65; Greenland, 70; Nicholas II Land, 64; 

 Novaya Zemlya, 64 (nee also Land ice, 62); Spits- 

 bergen, 62, 63, 65. 



Glaciers, Alpine, 61; Antarctic type, 61; Arctic type, 

 61; Boger Point, 67; cachment, 61; Cape Alexander 

 to Cape York, 81, 82; Cirque, 61; Cape York to 

 Svartenhuk, 82; Cwm, 61; Ellesmere Land, 65, 66, 

 67, 68, 69; Edge Island, 63; East Greenland, 73; 

 iceberg productivity, 94; manner of calving, 97, 

 98, 99, 100; Melville Bay, 73; Northeast Bay and 

 Disko Bay. 73. 85, 94; Northeast Land, 63; north 

 Greenland, 78, 79, 80, 83; plateau, 61; Piedmont, 

 61; south Greenland, 94; shelf ice, 61; snowdrift, 61; 

 tvpe. 73; westernmost Greenland, 73. 



Glacon, 14, 16. 



Godthaab, VIII, 5. 



Godthaab Expedition, 41, 47, .52, 1:38, 141, 145, 199. 



Godthaab Fjord, 76. 



Graah, W. A., 208. 



Grand Bank pack ice; description, 54; distribution, 

 54; limits, .54; movements, 54. 



Grand Bank region, currents. 53, 54; distribution of 

 pack ice. .53. .54, 55; density of water, 196; distribu, 

 tion of icebergs, 1.51, 152; drift of icebergs, 152, 153- 

 1.54; drift of pack ice, .53, 54, 55; dynamic topo- 

 graphic maps. 162, 163, 164, 165; seasonal distribu- 

 tion of icebergs, 168; stability of water layers, 195, 

 196; types of circulation, 1.56, 1.57, 1.58, 159. 

 Grant Land, 30, 65. 



Great Karajak Glacier, 73, 85, 88; annual discharge, 

 91; calving, 97, 98; cross sections, 107; height of 

 icebergs, 104; iceberg productivity, 91, 95; rate, 88. 

 Greely, A. W.. 5, 47, 65, 129, 208. 

 Green Bank, 53, 152. 



Greenland ice cap, 4, 60; accumulation, 71; annual 

 discharge, 95; dissipation, 71; glaciation, 62, 70, 71, 

 72, 73; inland ice, 70; topography, 70, 71, 72. 



