Chapter 9 

 VITAMIN K GROUP 



I. Nomenclature and Formulas 388 



II. Chemistry 389 



A. Isolation 389 



B. Chemical and Physical Properties 390 



C. Constitution 393 



D. Synthesis 395 



E. Specificity 396 



III. Industrial Preparation 399 



IV. Biochemical Sj^stems 400 



V. Estimation 402 



A. Biological Estimation 402 



1. Animals 403 



2. Diet 404 



3. Administration of Supplements 405 



4. Measurement of Supplement Effect 406 



5. Computation of Results 408 



6. Standards of Potency 409 



7. Comparison of Assays by Different Methods 410 



B. Chemical and Physical Estimation 413 



VI. Occurrence in Nature 415 



A. In Plants 415 



B. In Microorganisms 416 



C. Natural Antagonists 418 



VII. Effects of Deficiency 419 



A. In Animals 419 



B. In Human Beings 419 



1. Hemorrhage Resulting from a Deficiency of Vitamin K .... 419 



2. Induction of Vitamin K Deficiency 421 



3. Blood Coagulation Changes with Vitamin K Deficiency .... 432 

 VIII. Pharmacology ^ 435 



A. Vitamin K Preparations 435 



B. Dosages 435 



C. Mode of Administration 436 



D. Action of Vitamin K 437 



E. Toxicity 442 



IX. Requirements 444 



A. Of Animals 444 



1. Chick 444 



2. Rat 446 



3. Dog 447 



B. Of Human Beings 447 



387 



