VIII. PHARMACOLOGY 441 



and albumin values®^ (not confirmed by Piacentini®-), accentuate the tuber- 

 culin reaction, "^^ raise the serum bilirubin level in cases of hepatitis,^"* and 

 rectify increased fragility. ^^ Maltaner and Thompson^^ quote Sch0nheyder's 

 dissertation as reporting elevated phosphorus and lowered calcium in the 

 blood of vitamin K-deficient chicks; their data do not substantiate the 

 claim. The anemia of vitamin K deficiency is apparently not a primary 

 effect, as suggested by Thayer and associates,^^ but secondary to hemor- 

 rhage.^** According to Busing and Zuzak,*^^ reduction of complement accom- 

 panies the hypoprothrombinemia of vitamin K deficiency in chicks and 

 rises when the vitamin is administered; yet Felix and associates'^" found no 

 clear depression of complement with dicoumarol treatment. The effect of 

 menadione derivatives on serum agglutinins is disputed.''^ Hypoprothrombi- 

 nemia associated with pernicious anemia has been found responsive to liver 

 extracts but not to vitamin K.'^' 



Clinical syndromes and diseases reported to be improved or cured by 

 vitamin K, other than hypoprothrombinemic bleeding states, include: an- 

 gioneurotic edema,^^ arterial hypertension^^ (Taveira^^), bacillary dysen- 

 tery,^^ brucellar meningitis," chilblain,^^ cirrhosis of the liver,^^ dental 

 caries^*^ (questioned by Granados and associates'^), hemophilia^^ (contrary 



^1 R. Breda, Atli soc. lombarda sci. vied, e hiol. 1, 85 (1946); Abstr. Intern. Z. Vita- 

 minforsch. 20, 328 (1947-1948). 



62 C. Piacentini, Boll. soc. ital. biol. sper. 24, 530 (1948). 



«•' C. Rossi and L. Brighenti, Boll. soc. ital. biol. sper. 23, 327 (1947). 



" G. Gottsegen, Z. Horn, and M. C. Hdry, Acta Med. Scarid. 140, 127 (1951). 



6^ G. Leonardi, Acta Vitaminol. 1, 54 (1947). 



«6 F. Maltaner and W. R. Thompson, Arch. Biochem. 2, 49 (1943). 



" S. A. Thayer, R. W. McKee, D. W. MacCorquodale, and E. A. Doisy, Proc. Soc. 



Exptl. Biol. Med. 37, 417 (1937). 

 68 H. J. Almquist, E. Mecchi, and A. A. Klose, Biochem. J. 32, 1897 (1938). 



63 K. H. Busing and H. Zuzak, Z. Immuniidtsforsch. 102, 401 (1943). 



^0 K. Feli.x, I. Pendl, and L. Roka, Hoppe-Seijler's Z. physiol. Chan. 284, 198 (1949). 

 " J. K. Narat, /. Am. Med. Assoc. 116, 1310 (1941) ; M. R. H. Stoppehnan, Acta Med. 



Scand. Ill, 408 (1942); A. Gammelgaard, E. H. Larsen, and P. V. Marcussen, ibid. 



116, 8 (1943); G. Tronnberg, Nord. Med. 21, 13 (1944). 

 72 E. D. Warner and C. A. Owen, Am. J. Med. Sci. 203, 187 (1942). 

 " P. Kallos, Gastroenterologia 71, 171 (1946). 

 '•• E. Bellini, Minerva med. 39, Part 1, 56 (1948); M. Lippi, Ada Vitaminol. 1, 113 



(1947); J. Nasello and P. B. Camponovo, Prensa med. argent. 37, 2864 (1950). 

 '6 M. Taveira, Ann. pharm. frang. 9, 344 (1951). 

 76 M. F. Krause, Hospital (Rio de Janeiro) 39, 361 (1951). 

 " R. Virgin and V. Del Vecchio, Boll. soc. ital. biol. sper. 24, 748 (1948). 

 '8 A. A. Cordero, Prensa med. argent. 38, 1158 (1951). 

 "M. Kiiley, Schweiz. med. Wochschr. 79, 365 (1949). 

 86 D. Y. Burrill, J. C. Calandra, E. B. Tilden, and L. S. Fosdick, J. Dental Researc 



24, 273 (1945); L. S. Fosdick, ibid. 27, 235 (1948). 

 " H. Granados, A. Snog-Kjaer, J. Glavind, and H. Dam, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. 



Med. 72, em (1949). 



