564 NIACIN 



plete in known growth factors. ^^*' "^ However, Handler and associates have 

 shown that, if the Hfe of their dogs was prolonged beyond the stage of 

 blacktongue by parenteral saline therapy, then a macrocytic or normo- 

 cytic anemia and leucopenia developed. "^"'^^ These abnormalities would 

 respond to nicotinic acid even though the food intake was restricted during 

 therapy. This subject has been very carefully reviewed by Handler. '^^ It 

 should also be noted that nicotinic acid-deficient dogs are much more 

 susceptible to the hemolytic effect of indole than are normal dogs.^-°' '-^ 

 These results seem to indicate that nicotinic acid is necessary for the 

 formation of red and white blood cells but that this can be demonstrated 

 only if proper conditions are found. It should be noted that none of Gold- 

 smith's experimental pellagra patients developed an anemia which could 

 be attributed to nicotinic acid deficiency. ^^ 



There seems to be nothing characteristic about other constituents of 

 blood such as sugar, non-protein nitrogen, and lactate-pyruvate ratios in 

 human pellagra.'^' ^^' ^^^- ^^^ 



11. Miscellaneous 



a. Nitrogen Balance 



Very few data are available on the subject. The patients of Goldsmith 

 et al.^^ maintained positive nitrogen balance. Mancini and Fabriani^-^ stud- 

 ied three cases of pellagra and noted a positive balance in each. One patient 

 treated with nicotinic acid showed an improved nitrogen retention after 

 therapy. Sure and associates^^^ used a paired-feeding technique to show 

 that nicotinic acid had a "specific" effect in improving food utilization. 



b. Pregnancy and Lactation 



Lojkin et al}-^ found that pregnant women, as well as pregnant rats, 

 showed a progressive tendency to excrete more urinary nicotinic acid de- 



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 (1946). 



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116 P. Handler and W. J. Dann, J. Biol. Chem. 145, 145 (1942). 

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119 P. Handler, Z. Vitaminforsch. 19, 393 (1948). 



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