XI. PATHOLOGY 565 



rivatives as pregnancy progressed. During the last month of pregnancy 

 women excreted considerably more of these derivatives in the urine than 

 they ingested. Coryell and associates^" studied nicotinic acid intake in 

 relation to the nicotinic acid content of human milk at various intervals 

 postpartum. Nicotinic acid in the milk increased from the first to the tenth 

 day postpartum. During mature milk production, about 7 % of daily nico- 

 tinic acid intake appeared in the milk and 3 % in the urine. 



c. Corn and Alcohol in the Etiology of Pellagra 



The consumption of maize and the excessive consumption of alcohol are 

 the two outstanding factors known to show a positive correlation with the 

 incidence of pellagra. The role of maize in pellagra has been covered very 

 competently in two recent reviews, one by Handler"^ and one by Chick. ^^^ 

 This subject has also been considered in other sections of this chapter 

 (p. 548). 



Pellagra is known to be frequent in alcoholics. The effect of alcohol seems 

 to be only that it inhibits consumption of a normal diet and therefore leads 

 to a deficient intake of nicotinic acid. There is no evidence that alcohol 

 increases the requirement for nicotinic acid. The few metabolic studies 

 which have been done indicate that ingestion of alcohol increases the 

 urinary output of N^-methylnicotinamide, possibly due to a "sparing" 

 action of alcohol on the nicotinic acid requirement.^^- ^^^ 



XI. Pathology 



J. M. HUNDLEY 



A. IN ANIMALS 

 1. Dogs 



Chittenden and UnderhilP were the first to produce experimentally the 

 dietary deficiency in dogs which later became established as the canine 

 equivalent of pellagra. Wheeler et air called attention to the similarity of 

 this syndrome to what was known to American veterinarians as black- 

 ly M. N. Coryell, C. E. Roderuck, M. E. Harris, S. Miller, M. M. Rutledge, H. H. 



Williams, and I. G. Mac}', /. Nutrition 34, 219 (1947). 

 '28 H. Chick, Nutrition Abstr. and Revs. 20, 523 (1951). 

 129 R. E. Butler and H. P. Sarett, J. Nutrition 35, 539 (1948). 



1 R. H. Chittenden and F. P. Underhill, Am. J. Physiol U, 13 (1917). 



2 G. A. Wheeler, J. Goldberger, and V. Blackstock, Public Health Repts. (U.S.) 37, 

 1063 (1922). 



