XI. PATHOLOGY 569 



in the anterior pituitary, cessation of bone formation at the costochondral 

 junctions, cessation of spermatogenesis, and a reduction in size of the 

 adrenal cortex. The spleen was reduced in size and showed fibrosis and 

 reduction of the red pulp. The epithelium of the trachea showed degenera- 

 tion. The tubular epithelium of the kidneys was severely degenerated. 

 Bourne did not report the use of pair fed controls to rule out the nonspecific 

 effects of simple inanition in the etiology of these lesions. 



4. Cotton Rats and Mice 



Only poor growth has been reported as a symptom of nicotinic acid defi- 

 ciency in the cotton rat.^'^' ^^ As reported by Woolley,^^ mice given 3-acetyl- 

 pyridine, a "nicotinic acid antagonist" (p. 548), developed difficulty in 

 controlling their hind legs and finally became almost completely paralyzed. 

 The hair coat became wet and unkempt. Weight loss and emaciation devel- 

 oped. The skin of the chest wall, the sides of the abdomen, and the legs 

 became very red and inflamed. Fiery red tongues developed late in about 

 half of the animals. 



5. Rabbits 



Subnormal weight gain, anemia, leucopenia, and a terminal diarrhea, 

 sometimes bloody, were observed in nicotinic acid-deficient rabbits by 

 Wooley and Sebrell.^^' ^^ No oral lesions were found. Histological examina- 

 tion showed nothing that could be attributed to nicotinic acid deficiency 

 aside from a few animals showing superficial ulcerations in the colon. 

 Olcese et alP observed only subnormal weight gain in their nicotinic acid- 

 deficient rabbits. 



6. Chicks, Turkeys, and Ducks 



Growing chicks on nicotinic acid-deficient rations showed diminished 

 growth, increased mortality, and inflammation of the entire mouth cavity 

 as well as the esophagus and the crop (blacktongue) except for the tip of 

 the tongue, which remained white. Excessive mucus may be found in the 

 mouth. Diarrhea, perosis, and poor feathering have been described. ^""^^ The 



3* J. M. Mclntire, B. S. Schweigert, and C. A. Elvehjem, J. Nutrition 27, 1 (1944). 



35 B. S. Schweigert and P. B. Pearson, J. Biol. Chem. 172, 485 (1948). 



36 D. W. WooUey, J. Biol. Chem. 157, 455 (1945). 



" J. G. Wooley, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 65, 315 (1947). 



38 J. G. Wooley and W. H. Sebrell, J. Nutrition 19, 191 (1945). 



38 O. Olcese, P. B. Pearson, and P. Sparks, J. Nutrition 39, 93 (1949). 



" G. M. Briggs, Jr., R. C. Mills, C. A. Elvehjem, and E. B. Hart, Proc. Soc. Exptl. 



Biol. Med. 51, 59 (1942). 

 « G. M. Briggs, A. C. Groschke, and R. J. Lillie, /. Nxitrition 32, 659 (1946). 

 "•2 L. R. Richardson, A. G. Hogan, and H. L. Kempster, Missouri Agr. Expt. Sta. 



Research Bull. 390, (1945). 

 " H. M. Scott, E. P. Singsen, and L. D. Matterson, Poultry Sci. (Research Notes) 



25, 303 (1946). 



