VIII. OCCURRENCE 649 



TABLE XIX 



Coenzyme A Distribution" 



(Fresh basis unless otherwise noted) 



Coenzyme A, units/g." 



Plant materials 



Peas, frozen 4.5 



Royal jelly (bee) 



Spinach 0.74 



Tomato 1.3 



Wheat germ 30.0 



Clostridium butylicium, dried extract 2000.0 



Escherichia coli, dried 320.0 



Tissues, rat 



Liver 132 



Adrenal 91 



Kidnej^ 74 



Brain 28 



Heart 42 



Intestine 26 



Thymus 20 



Human red blood cells 3-4 



Human plasma 



" A coenzyme A unit contains 0.7 y of bound pantothenic acid. Data from Kaplan and Lipmann.^6 



IX. Effects of Deficiency 

 A. IN ANIMALS 



GEORGE M. BRIGGS and FLOYD S. DAFT 



The effects of pantothenic acid deficiency vary greatly from species to 

 species. In one species, the rat, some of the deficiency signs have been ob- 

 tained in rather low incidence or even only sporadically. In addition, in 

 some laboratories, certain of the generally recognized deficiency signs have 

 either not been observed at all or their relationship to a lack of pantothenic 

 acid has appeared questionable. Despite these unexplained discrepancies, 

 many interesting lesions may be ascribed with confidence to a low level of 

 this vitamin in the diet. Among the earliest deficiency signs correctly as- 

 cribed to pantothenic acid deficiency were growth failure in the chick and 

 rat, dermatitis in the chick, achromotrichia (graying of the hair) in rats 

 and other animals, and adrenal necrosis and hemorrhage in the rat. These 

 and other pathological changes will be discussed in the following sections. 



"N. O. Kaplan and F. Lipmann, J. Biol. Chem. 174, 37 (1948). 



