1 



664 PANTOTHENIC ACID 



The amount of pantothenic acid excreted in the urine is in proportion 

 to the amount in the diet (Silber and Unna^^^ and Silber^^^). Only a small 

 fraction of ingested pantothenic acid may appear in the urine, whereas 

 fecal excretion is rather constant (Silber^^-). 



Adult dogs are more resistant to a deficiency than are puppies, apparently 

 requiring less dietary pantothenic acid.^^^"^^^- ^^^ Little is known about pan- 

 tothenic acid requirements for reproduction of the dog. 



6. Guinea Pigs 



Reid in 1952'^^ demonstrated that young guinea pigs require a dietary 

 source of pantothenic acid when fed a synthetic-type diet. Symptoms of 

 deficiency include decrease in growth rate and loss of weight, anorexia ac- 

 companied by inactivity and weakness, rough hair coat, cyanosis at the 

 margin of the ears, and diarrhea. The report of Reid is the first study of a 

 clear-cut pantothenic acid deficiency in the guinea pig. A previous study by 

 Morgan and Simms^^ showing gray hair in guinea pigs was inadequate to 

 prove that pantothenic acid was the limiting factor. 



7. Swine 



It would be difficult to determine who first described signs of pantothenic 

 acid deficiency in swine, because abnormal gait, now known to be associated 

 with pantothenic acid deficiency, had been seen in pigs many years before 

 the discovery of pantothenic acid (see the review by Wintrobe, et alP^). 

 Between 1938 and 1941 deficiency symptoms were obtained in pigs by a 

 number of workers, but it is clear now that the diets used were deficient in 

 other factors as well as in pantothenic acid.^^^'^^^ 



The first studies in which responses were obtained with pure pantothenic 

 acid were made independently in 1942 by Hughes^^" and Wintrobe et al}^^ 

 with the use of diets very similar to those used previously. Since 1942, a 

 number of workers have made careful studies of pantothenic acid-deficiency 



1" R. H. Silber and K. Unna, /. Biol. Chem. 142, 623 (1942). 



1" R. H. Silber, Arch. Biochem. 7, 329 (1945). 



1" A. O. Seeler and R. H. Silber, /. Nutrition 30, 111 (1945). 



1" M. E. Reid, Federation Proc. 11, 453 (1952). 



'" M. M. Wintrobe, J. L. Miller, Jr., and H. Lisco, Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 67, 



377 (1940). 

 '66 H. Chick, T. F. Macrae, A. J. P. Martin, and C. J. Martin, Biochem. J. 32, 2207 



(1938). 

 1" E. H. Hughes, /. Nutrition 17, 527 (1939). 



i5« M. M. Wintrobe, Am. J. Phijsiol. 126, 375 (1939). i 



»" N. R. Ellis and L. L. Madsen, /. Agr. Research 62, 303 (1941). ' 



16" E. H. Hughes, /. Agr. Research 64, 185 (1942). 

 "1 M. M. Wintrobe, M. H. Miller, R. H. Follis, Jr., H. J. Stein, C. Mushatt, and S. 



Humphrej's, /. Nutrition 24, 345 (1942). 



