IX. EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY 667 



of pantothenic acid. These results are only preliminary, and more work is 

 necessary with this vitamin in cattle. Pantothenic acid deficiency has not 

 been studied in the young lamb as yet, but it would be expected they would 

 need this vitamin. 



9. Monkeys 



Very little information is available concerning pantothenic acid in mon- 

 key nutrition. McCall et alP^ in 1946 reported that pantothenic acid de- 

 ficiency in rhesus monkeys was characterized by lack of growth, ataxia, 

 graying and thinning of the fur, anemia, diarrhea, and cachexia. Dermatitis 

 was noted in one animal. These studies were complicated by a concurrent 

 deficiency of a factor present in liver, and complete recovery was not ob- 

 tained with the administration of pantothenic acid. Additional studies in 

 monkeys are needed, especially because of the close relationship between 

 this animal and the human being. 



The daily intake of 3 mg. of pantothenic acid appears to be fully adequate 

 to prevent the occurrence of deficiency symptoms. 



10. Mice 



In most, but not all, respects, pantothenic acid deficiency in the mouse 

 resembles its counterpart in the rat. The most striking differences are the 

 absence of necrotic and hemorrhagic adrenals in the mouse and the de- 

 velopment of paralysis of the hind legs with nerve tissue degeneration in 

 this species. 



Achromotrichia and growth failure of C57 black mice and repigmenta- 

 tion and growth resumption following pantothenic acid therapy were de- 

 scribed by Gyorgy and Poling. ^^ Martin^'^^ reported that graying in Rockland 

 strain black mice was partially, but not completely, reversed by similar 

 therapy. Norris and Hauschildt^^^ observed the development of dermatitis 

 in mice receiving thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and "filtrate 

 factor." There is considerable question, however, as to whether their ani- 

 mals were receiving adequate amounts of filtrate factor, i.e., pantothenic 

 acid. Cerecedo and coworkers"^- ^^^ and Martin^'^'^ noted a very similar 

 dermatitis, together with alopecia and growth failure, in mice which were 

 deficient in this \'itamin. All these changes were prevented or reversed by 

 pantothenic acid administration. 



"6 K. B. McCall, H. A. Waisman, C. A. Elvehjem, and E. S. Jones, J. Nutrition 31, 



685 (1946). 

 1" G. J. Martin, Science 93, 422 (1941). 

 1" E. R. Norris and J. Hauschildt, Science 92, 316 (1940). 

 1^3 J. G. Sandza and L. R. Cerecedo, J. Nutrition 21, 609 (1941). 

 '80 J. R. Foy and L. R. Cerecedo, J. Nutrition 22, 439 (1941). 



