668 PANTOTHENIC ACID 



Morris and Lippincott^^^"^^^ made histopathological as well as other stud- 

 ies of pantothenic acid deficiency in C3H mice. They reported growth fail- 

 ure, followed by depilation and a dermatosis which presented a scaly 

 "chalklike" appearance. An additional deficiency sign was a partial paraly- 

 sis of the hind legs. Histologically, the dermatosis was described as hyper- 

 keratotic and desquamative; myelin degeneration of the spinal cord, pos- 

 terior roots, and sciatic nerves was noted. The adrenal cortex was found to 

 be normal. These observations were, in general, confirmed by Woolley,^^'* 

 who observed hyperirritability, lack of muscular control followed by paral- 

 ysis, and closure of the eyes by a sticky exudate. Jones et al}^^ found no 

 signs of paralysis in their deficient albino mice but noted spasticity of the 

 extremities, arching of the spine, and an awkward gait as well as a striking 

 alopecia, scaly desquamation of the skin, and hyperemia and edema of the 

 eyelids. Melampy and coworkers^^^" noted lipid depletion of the adrenal 

 in adult mice of CF No. 1 strain kept on a pantothenic acid-deficient diet 

 but reported an even more rapid depletion in starvation. A strain variation 

 in susceptibility to pantothenic acid deficiency has been reported.^***' ^^^^ 



11. Other Species of Animals 



Pantothenic acid has been studied in several other animal species, and 

 it has been shown to be required for fish (McLaren et al}^^), the fox (Lunde 

 and Kringstad^^" and Morgan and Simms^^^), the hamster (Routh and 

 Houchin'^^), various insects (see reviews on this subject^^"' ^^'), and the 

 toad (tadpole stage, Catolla-Cavalcanti^^^). In this connection, Shock and 

 SebrelP^^ found, that the work output of frog muscles was improved by the 

 addition of calcium pantothenate to the perfusion fluid. 



" H. P. Morris and S. W. Lippincott, /. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2, 29 (1941). 



82 S. W. Lippincott and H. P. Morris, /. Natl. Cancer Inst. 2, 39 (1941). 



83 S. W. Lippincott and H. P. Morris, Am. J. Pathol. 17, 588 (1941). 

 8^ D. W. Woolley, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 46, 565 (1941). 



85 J. H. Jones, C. Foster, F. Dorfman, and G. L. Hunter, J. Nutrition 29, 127 (1945). 



85° R. M. Melampy, D. W. Cheng, and L. C. Northrop, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 

 76, 24 (1951). 



856 P. F. Fenton, G. R. Cowgill, M. A. Stone, and D. H. Justice, /. Nutrition 42, 257 

 (1950). 



85<^ D. R. Weir, /. Nutrition 49, 425 (1953). 



8« B. A. McLaren, B. E. Keller, D. J. O'Donnell, and C. A. Elvehjem, Arch. Bio- 

 chem, 15, 169 (1947); L. E. Wolf, Progressive Fish Culturist, 13, No. 1, 17 (1951). 



8' G. Lunde and H. Kringstad, Naturwissenschaftcn 27, 755 (19.39). 



88 A. F. Morgan and H. D. Simms, J. Nutrition 20, 627 (1940). 



8s J. I. Routh and O. B. Houchin, Federation Proc. 1, 191 (1942). 



90 F. A. Robinson, The Vitamin B Complex. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1951. 



" R. J. Williams, R. E. Eakin, E. Beerstecher, Jr., and W. Shive, The Biochem- 

 istry of B Vitamins. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1950. 



92 A. Catolla-Cavalcanti, Acta Vitaminol. 5, 162 (1951). 



93 N. W. Shock and W. H. Sebrell, Am. J. Physiol. 142, 274 (1944). 



