686 PANTOTHENIC ACID 



limited amounts of pantothenic acid. The increase was that to be expected 

 from doubUng or tripling the pantothenic acid content of the diet. Aureo- 

 mycin and streptomycin were reported as superior to penicillin in these 

 experiments. A few months later Sauberlich*^ showed that aureomycin or 

 penicillin increased the growth of pantothenic acid-deficient rats during a 

 four-week period and concluded that these antibiotics have a marked 

 influence upon the pantothenic acid requirement of the weanling rat. In 

 1952 Daft and Schwarz reported on experiments which had lasted for a 

 year*^ and showed that weanling rats grew at an almost normal rate during 

 this period on highly purified diets unsupplemented with pantothenic acid 

 but containing small amounts of aureomycin. Somewhat similar results 

 with a variety of antibiotics have been reported by other investigators.^^""** 

 Luecke et al}^ reported that in his experiments aureomycin did not spare 

 the pantothenic acid requirement of pigs, although Catron et al.^^°- did find 

 a sparing effect in pigs when the protein level was low (14 %). 



e. Effects of Hormones 



Drill and Overman*^ have shown that the pantothenic acid requirement 

 of rats is increased during experimental hyperthyroidism. Haque et al.,*^ 

 on the other hand, observed a partial counteraction of pantothenic acid 

 deficiency signs in chicks by thyroxine injections. 



The effects of adrenal and pituitary hormones on the development of the 

 pantothenic acid deficiency syndrome in rats have been discussed in a 

 previous section. 



/. Effects of Stress and Miscellaneous Factors 



Dumm et al.'^^ have reported that rats deficient in pantothenic acid, 

 which were subjected to the stress of swimming or given injections of 

 ACTH, failed to show the expected lymphopenia. Following therapy with 



45 H. E. Sauberlich, J. Nutrition 46, 99 (1952). 



*^ A. Fidanza, G. Giunchi, M. L. Rutigliano, L. A. Scuro, and F. Sorice, Boll. soc. 



ital. hiol. sper. 28, 1393 (1952). 

 ^*'' G. Giunchi, A. Fidanza, L. A. Scuro, and F. Sorice, Acta Vitaminol. 7, 75 (1953). 

 ^^'^ G. Giunchi, A. Fidanza, L. A. Scuro, and F. Sorice, Boll. ist. sieroterap. milan. 32, 



159 (1953). 

 ^^ K. Guggenheim, S. Halevy, I. Hartmann, and R. Zamir, J. Nutrition 50, 245 



(1953). 

 ^« R. W. Luecke, J. A. Hoefer, and F. Thorp, Jr., /. Animal Sci. 11, 769 (1952); 12, 



605 (1953). 

 « V. A. Drill and R. Overman, ^w. /. Physiol. 135, 474 (1942). 

 « M. E. Haque, R. J. Lillie, C. S. Shaffner, and G. M. Briggs, Endocrinology 42, 273 



(1948). 

 " M. E. Dumm, P. Ovando, P. Roth, and E. P. Ralli, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 



71, 368 (1949). 



