10 THE MOSQUITOES OF NEW JERSEY 



mostly of mesonotum. Traces of a pronotum and of a scutellum appear 

 at the front and rear edges of the mesonotum respectively. The abdomen 

 is long and narrow and composed of many plainly defined segments. At 

 the tip are small appendages, part of the sexual apparatus ; a knowl- 

 edge of these is not required for elementary classification. 



Each leg consists of a small coxa and trochanter which (Fig. I), 

 are so hidden by the body as not to show, a long femur, and equally 

 long tibia, and a five- jointed foot, or tarsus. The last joint is tipped 

 with claws. The claw formula as used by Howard, Dyar, and Knab is 

 explained as follows : the first two figures indicate spurs on the two 

 claws of the prothoracic foot, the second two the claws on the mesotho- 

 racic foot, and the last two figures indicate spurs on the two claws of 

 metothoracic foot. 



The wings have scales along the veins. The color and arrangement of 

 these scales determines whether the wing appears uniform, or spotted 

 and mottled. 



When an infesting brood of mosquitoes has been analyzed and traced 

 as nearly as possible to the place of origin, it is necessary to determine 

 what species of larvae are found in the pools. If they are identical with 

 those of principal members of the winged brood, the proof of source is 

 complete. Furthermore, when larvae are found, it is not possible to 

 judge whether they need treatment unless the kind of mosquitoes which 

 they will produce is known. It is therefore important to be able to rec- 

 ognize them readily, by familiarity with the external features. 



The larvae has the same three divisions of the body as the adult. The 

 head has eyes, antennae, and rotary mouth brushes. A small bunch of 

 hairs on each antenna is called the antennal tuft. Various tufts of 

 bristles scattered over the thorax are known as the thoracic tufts. The 

 abdomen consists of one small and eight well developed segments, each 

 of which bears some tufts of bristles, known as the abdominal hair tufts. 

 The eighth segment has grown a dorsal process known as the air-tube, 

 or siphon, with a double row of spines on its posterior surface and the 

 opening of the breathing system at its tip. In nearly all species this 

 tube is used to penetrate the water surface-film and to reach the at- 

 mospheric air. On each side of the eighth segment there is a little patch 

 of scales that is much used in classification. The small ninth segment 

 has a large group of bristles, the anal tuft or posterior or ventral 

 brush, and some smaller tufts. The anal opening is situated at the 

 outer end of this segment and the tracheal gills extend outward from 

 this opening. 



Because of the many changes in names of species a list of New Jersey 



