MOSQUITO BIOLOGY 97 



when stigmata projected through surface film. At each side of this ap- 

 paratus triangular plate with from six to nine long teeth on posterior 

 margin and one to four short teeth between, usually about twenty in all. 



Ninth segment longer than broad, widest at outer end ; dorsum cov- 

 ered with chitinized saddle which extends half way down sides. Dorsal 

 tuft composed of two very long branched hairs and two shorter feath- 

 ered ones ; on ventral surface semicircular process from which issue 

 about nine long branched hairs with fan-like arrangement. Tracheal 

 gills fingershaped, blunt at apex and slightly longer than ninth segment. 



[Five pairs of float hairs on this species all about same size differing 

 from Anopheles crucians in that respect. Crucians shows first and sec- 

 ond pair of float hairs smaller than rest.] 



HABITS OF THE EARLY STAGES 



There is nothing peculiar to this species in the development from egg 

 to adult. The larvae occur throughout the state wherever conditions 

 favor and almost any body of water, large or small, clean or moderately 

 foul, will serve to breed the pests. On the whole it breeds most abun- 

 dantly in clean water along the edges of ponds or swamp areas or in the 

 eddies of shallow streams. 



Anopheles quadrimaculatus Wiedman 

 The Four-Spotted Anopheles 



DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION 



[North America east of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mex- 

 ico. Trapped 7,893 females in New Jersey.] 



Similar to Anopheles punctipennis, but much lighter brown in color; 

 thoracic stripe, more yellow, does not stand out so clearly in contrast. 

 Wing veins clothed with brown scales, some of which gather into four 

 very distinct patches, a character which distinguishes it from all other 

 species at a glance. 



DESCRIPTION 



Howard, Dyar, and Knab (14) offer the following description of fe- 

 male, male, larva, and egg of this species : 



"Female. Proboscis long, straight, slender ; labellae long, lanceolate, 

 dull, luteous, with small outstanding black setae; vestiture appressed, 

 dark brown. Palpi as long as proboscis, uniform, slender ; vestiture of 

 dark brown narrow scales, roughened at base, a few stiff setae at tip. 



