INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT 249 



latipennis, Girardinus poeciloides, G. caudimacidatus, Haptochilus, 

 Esox lucius, Lucania parvia. 



Amphibia — Rana pipiens, R. palustris, Discoglossus pictus, Triton 

 cristatus, T. alpestris, Diemyctylus torosus, Amblystoma opacum. 

 Aves — 



Chordeiles minor (Forster). Eastern Nighthawk. 



Chaetura pelagica (Linnaeus). Chimney Swift. 



Iridoprocne bicolor (Vieillot). Tree Swallow. 



Hirundo erythrogaster (Boddaert). Barn Swallow. 



Petrocehlidon albifrons (Rafinesque). Cliff Swallow. 



Progne subis (Linnaeus). Purple Martin. 



Riparia riparia (Linnaeus). Bank Swallow. 



Myochanes virens (Linnaeus). Eastern Wood Pewee. 



Sayornis phoebe (Latham). Eastern Phoebe. 



Lyrannus tyrannus (Linnaeus). Kingbird. 



Avas plalyrchynochos (Linnaeus). Common Mallard. 

 Mammalia — Bats, Man. 



Five species of killifish are recognized on the New Jersey marshes : 



THE STRIPED KILLIFISH {Fundulus majalis Walbaum), 

 which may be distinguished by the markings shown in Fig. LXXVII, 

 reaches a length of six to eight inches. It occurs throughout the Jersey 

 coast, enters with the tide and goes out with it. It is useful, but less 

 valuable for mosquito control than the following species : 



THE COMMON KILLIFISH, otherwise known as the "mud-fish," 

 "mud-dabbler," "mummichog," and "salt water minnow" (Fundulus 

 hetoroclitus macrolepidatus Walbaum), is perhaps more effective than 

 any other fish as a salt marsh mosquito larvae destroyer. The females 

 are nearly uniformly olivaceous, but lighter below. The males are dark 

 greenish, with many narrow, irregular, silvery bars on the sides ; the 

 belly is yellowish or orange ; the sides more or less spotted with white 

 or yellow. This species reaches a length of four and one-half inches and 

 occurs throughout the New Jersey salt marsh. Mr. Seal (23) has the 

 following to say about it : "This species is abundant everywhere to the 

 extreme limits of tide water. They are equally at home in salt or fresh 

 water, the clearest water or the muddiest pool or ditch. They are not 

 even averse to filthy sewage water, collecting in vast numbers at the 

 mouths of sewers at low tide. They will be found in the most insignificant 

 and shallowest depressions on the flats or marshes, in ditches filled with 

 reeds, spatterdocks or masses of submerged plants, and in muddy holes 

 devoid of plants or other shelter. They will push through places where 

 there is hardly enough water to cover them." 



