Chapter III 



Hemagglutination by Animal Viruses 



S. G. Anderson 

 Waller and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia 



I. The Myxovirus Group 22 



A. Historical 22 



B. Hemagglutination 22 



1. Relation to the Virus Particles 22 



2. Influence of Environmental Conditions 24 



3. Influence of Species of Red Cell 24 



4. Effect on Hemagglutination of Physical and Chemical Agents 25 



5. Effect on Red Cells of Physical and Chemical Agents 27 



6. Increase in Titer of Hemagglutinin at 37°C. in the Presence of Cells .... 28 



C. Elution 2S 



1. Production of Stabilized Cells 28 



2. Properties of Stabilized Cells 29 



D. Enzymes with Receptor-Destroying Properties 32 



1. The Receptor-Destroying Eimine (RDE) of Vibrio cholerae 32 



E. Indicator Virus 33 



F. Inhibitors of Hemagglutination 34 



1. Specific Antibody 34 



2. Chu Inhibitor 35 



3. Mucoid Inhibitors 36 



4. Other Types of Inhibitor of Hemagglutination 37 



G. Mechanism of Hemagglutination 37 



1 . Hypothesis of Physical Adsorption 38 



2. Hypothesis of Enzyme Substrate Attraction 39 



II. Particulate Hemagglutinin with No Eluting Enzyme 40 



A. Arthropod- borne Encephalitides 40 



1 . Historical 40 



2. Cells Agglutinated 40 



3. Preparation of Hemagglutinin 40 



4. Hydrogen Ion Concentration 41 



5. Relation of Hemagglutinin to Virus Particle 41 



6. Nonspecific Inhibition of Hemagglutinin 41 



7. Serological Grouping 42 



B. Enteroviruses 42 



1. GD VII 42 



2. Other Strains 43 



C. Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) 43 



III. Hemagglutinin Separate from the Virus Particle 44 



A. Psittacosis group 44 



B. Poxviruses 44 



References 45 



21 



