CHEMISTRY OF VIRUS RECEPTORS 59 



cellular or soluble receptors, vary, it might be expected and was substantiated 

 experimentally (Stone, 1949b; Burnet, 1949) that the position of the virus 

 strains at the gradient varies with the type of receptor taken as reference 

 substance. 



If the phenomenon of hemagglutination by viruses (see page 21) is inter- 

 preted to mean the existence of specific receptor groupings at the red cell 

 surface for the virus concerned, then many other receptor substances must 

 exist. This may be postulated from the fact that RDE pretreatment of the 

 erythrocytes does not impair hemagglutination by quite a number of animal 

 viruses outside the myxovirus group. Some indication of the chemistry of 

 these postulated receptors is available for Theiler's encephalomyelitis mouse 

 virus. Mandel and Racker (1953a. b) have isolated and purified from intestinal 

 tissue of adult mice a mucopolysaccharide which inhibits hemagglutination 

 and infectivity of Theiler's GD VII strain of encephalomyelitis virus of mice 

 by way of virus-inhibitor combination. Color reactions indicated the presence 

 in the mucopolysaccharide of galactose, hexosamine, methylpentose, and 

 hexuronic acid. The biological activity of the mucopolysaccharide was 

 destroyed by periodate oxidation, but was unaffected by RDE. 



References 



Ada, G. L., and Stone, J. D. (1950). Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 31, 263. 



Anderson, S. G., Burnet, F. M., Fazekas de St. Groth, S., McCrea, J. F., and Stone, J. D. 

 (1948). Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 26, 403. 



Blix, G. (1936). Z. physiol. Chem. 240, 43. 



Blix, G. (1958). Sialic Acids. 4th International Congress of Biochemistry. Vienna. 



Blix, G., Lindberg, B., Odin, L., and Werner, I. (1955). Nature 175, 340. 



Blix, G., Lindberg, E., Odin, L., and Werner, I. (1956). Acta Soc. Med. Upsaliensis, 

 61, 1. 



Blix, F. G., Gottschalk, A., and Klenk, E. (1957). Nature 179, 1088. 



Bohm, P., Ross, J., and Baumeister, L. (1957). Z. physiol. Chem. 307, 284. 



Briody, B. A. (1948). J. Immunol. 59, 115. 



Burnet, F. M. (1948). Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 26, 371. 



Burnet, F. M. (1949). Australian J. Exptl. Biol Med. Sci. 27, 360. 



Burnet, F. M. (1951). Physiol. Revs. 31, 131. 



Burnet, F. M. (1955). "Principles of Animal Virology," p. 112. Academic Press, New- 

 York. 



Burnet, F. M., and Stone, J. D. (1947). Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 25, 227. 



Burnet, F. M., McCrea, J. F., and Stone, J. D. (1946). Brit. J. Exptl. Pathol. 27, 228. 



Burnet, F. M., McCrea, J. F., and Anderson, S. G. (1947). Nature 160, 404. 



Clark, E., and Nagler, F. P. 0. (1943). Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 21, 103. 



Comb, D. G., and Roseman, S. (1958). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 80, 497. 



Cornforth, J. W., Daines, M. E., and Gottschalk, A. (1957). Proc. Chem. Soc. p. 25. 



Cornforth, J. W., Firth, M. E., and Gottschalk, A. (1958). Biochem. J. 68, 57. 



Curtain, C. C, and Pye, J. (1955). Australian J. Exptl. Biol. Med. Sci. 33, 315. 



