PINACEAE 



Red Pine 



Pinus resinosa Ait. 



HABIT. A tree 60-dO feet high and 2-3 feet in diameter 

 (max. 120 by 5 feet); bole symmetrical, clear; crown broad, 

 rounded, open. 



LEAVES. In fascicles of 2; 4-6 inches long; slender; straight; 

 brittle; dark yellow-green; persistent 4-5 years; margins with 

 minute teeth; basal sheath persistent. 



FLOWERS. Male purple; female scarlet. 



FRUIT. Subsessile; 1V^-2K inches long; ovoid-conic; chest- 

 nut-brown; umbo dorsal and unarmed. Seed: %, inch long; 

 wing y-i inch long. 



TWIGS. Stout; rough; orange to red-brown. Winter buds: 

 V^-% inch long; scales red-brown with white fringed margins. 



BARK. 1-1 i/^ inches thick; light red-brown; broken into 

 scaly plates. 



WOOD. Important; rather light and soft; heartwood light 

 red-brown; used for construction, ties, etc. 



SILVICAL CHARACTERS. Intermediate in tolerance; 

 moderate rate of growth; extreme age about 350 years; roots 

 wide-spreading with taproot; reproduction vigorous; hardy and 

 resistant to enemies. 



HABITAT. Light, sandy soils; in pure stands, or mixed 

 with white pine on better sites and jack pine on poorer. 



* * * 



Two related European pines have been widely planted: 



Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris L., has become naturalized in 

 the northeast. This species is easily identified by its twisted 

 needles, 1^-3 inches long, in clusters of 2; by yellow-brown 

 cones l-2Vi inches long with flat or pyramidally thickened 

 scales; and by bark which is distinctly orange in color. 



Austrian pine, Pinus nigra Arnold, resembles red pine in 

 its needles, but can be distinguished from it by its dark brown 

 bark; silvery-white buds; and yellow-brown cones 2-3 inches 

 long, armed with a short spine, which fall intact from the 

 twigs. 



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