PINACEAE 



Shortleaf Pine 

 Pinus echinata Mill. 



HABIT. A tree 80-100 feet high and 2-3 feet in diameter 

 (max, 130 by 4 feet); long, clear bole; narrow, pyramidal crown. 



LEAVES. In fascicles of 2 and 3; 3-5 inches long; slender; 

 flexible; yellow-green; persistent 2-4 years; often produced on 

 trunk; basal sheath persistent. 



FLOWERS. Male pale purple; female pale rose color. 



FRUIT. Nearly sessile; IVi-^Yz inches long; oblong to conical; 

 opening at maturity and persistent several years; red-brown; 

 scales thin, armed with small sharp prickle. Seeds: ^/(^ inch long, 

 brown with black markings, wing Yz inch long. 



TWIGS. Slender; flexible; roughened; red-brown. Winter 

 buds: 1/4 inch long, red- to gray-brown. 



BARK. Thin; nearly black and scaly on young trees; later 

 becoming red-brown and scaly plated. 



WOOD. Very important; intermediate between longleaf 

 and western pines in strength and hardness; wide variety of 

 uses. 



SILVICAL CHARACTERS. Intolerant; growth very rapid 

 on good sites; deep taproot system; reproduction aggressive; 

 young trees capable of producing sprouts if stems killed by 

 fire or cutting. 



HABITAT. Typical of dry, light soils in pure or mixed stands. 



* * * 



Spruce Pine 



Pinus glabra Walt. 



Nowhere common, this unimportant medium-sized tree is 

 found as a scattered tree among hardwoods on moist sandy 

 loams. It is very tolerant and resembles shortleaf pine in 

 appearance. 



LEAVES. In fascicles of 2; n/^-3 inches long; slender; dark- 

 green. 



FRUIT. Similar to shortleaf, but more globose and smaller. 



BARK. Thin; gray; furrowed; resembling black oak. 



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