KEY TO THE SPECIES OF JUNIPERS 



1. Leaves all needle-like or awl-shaped, yi-Vi inch long, ternate; buds 



scale. y% inch long; usually a small shrub, rarely a small tree 



J. communis, Common Juniper, p. 106. 



1. Leaves on mature branches usually scalelike, H inch long or less, 

 opposite, (on young or vigorous shoots often needle-like; ; buds in- 

 distinct, naked. 



2. Trunk bark in thick, squarish plates; fruit red-brown, }4 inch 

 diameter, usually 4-seeded, ripening in 2 years; heartwood brown; 



southwest J. deppeana, Alligator Juniper, p. 113. 



2. Trunk bark fibrous and shreddy. 



3. Fruit bright red to red-brown beneath, whitish bloom; western. 

 4. Fruit bright red (rarely copper-colored) H inch diameter, 



1-seeded; heartwood brown ; western Texas 



J. pinchotii, Pinchot Juniper, p. 113. 



4. Fruit dull red-brown or copper-colored; heartwood brown. 

 5. 4-12 seeds per fruit; drooping branches; southern Texas 



and Mexico J. flaccida, Drooping Juniper, p. 113. 



5. 1 (rarely 2) seeds per fruit; branches seldom drooping. 

 6. Frmt H-H inch diameter; seed completely enclosed; 

 fruit maturing in 2 years: heartwood brown. 

 7. Leaves in whorls of 3's, rarely opposite; seed 

 marked at base by light-colored hilum; California 



J. californica, California Juniper, p. 115. 



7. Leaves opposite, rarely in 3's; seed marked to middle 



by conspicuous hilum; Rocky Mountains 



J. osteosperma, Utah Juniper, p. 113. 



6. Fruit }4~H inch diameter; seed marked at base by 

 hilum; fruit maturing in 1 year; Nevada to Colorado 



and south to Texas and Arizona 



J. monosperma. One-seed Juniper, p. 111. 



3. Fruit bluish to blue-black, 1-3 seeded. 



8. Leaf margin smooth; heartwood distinctly reddish. 



9. Fruit maturing in 2 years; western 



J. scopulorum Rocky Mountain Juniper, p. 111. 



9. Fruit matixring in 1 year; eastern. 



10. Fruit 1/24-1/12 inch diameter, drooping branches. 



South Carolina to eastern Texas 



J. silicicola. Southern Redcedar, p. 109. 



10. Frmt H-H inch diameter, branches erect or spread- 

 ing J. virginiana. Eastern Juniper, p. 109. 



8. Leaf margin minutely fringe-toothed (under hand lens) ; 

 heartwood brownish. 

 11. Fruit with 2-3 thick-shelled seeds; maturing in 2 years; 



Northwest and Pacific Coast 



J. occidentalis. Western Juniper p. 115. 



11. Fruit and 1-2 thin-shelled seeds, maturing in 1 year. 

 12. Seed 1 (rarely 2), pale brown; leaves gray-green; 



Nevada to California and south 



J. monosperma. One-seed Juniper, p. 111. 



12. Seed 1-2; dark brown; leaves blue-green; Missouri to 

 Texas and Mexico. J. ashei. Ashe Juniper, p. 113. 



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