32 T. STERRY HUNT ON THE GENETIC 
displayed. Here, in the midst of a great breadth of apatite, were seen two parallel bands 
(since removed in mining) of pyroxenic rock, several yards in length, running with the 
strike of the vein, and in their broadest parts three and eight feet wide, respectively, but 
becoming attenuated at either end, and disappearing, one after the other, in length, as 
they did also in depth. These included vertical layers, evidently of contemporaneous 
origin with the enclosing apatite, were themselves banded with green and white from 
alternations of pyroxene and of feldspar with quartz. Accompanying the apatite in this 
mine are also bands and irregular masses of flesh-red calcite, sometimes two or three feet 
in breadth, including crystals of apatite and others of dark green amphibole. Elsewhere, 
as at the High Rock mine, tremolite is met with. In portions of the vein at the Emerald 
mine, pyrite is found in considerable quantity, and occasionally forms layers many inches 
in thickness, sometimes with pyrrhotite. Several large parallel bands of apatite here 
occur, with intervening layers of pyroxenic and feldspathic rock, across a breadth of at 
least 250 feet of vein-stone, besides numerous small, irregular, lenticular masses of apatite. 
The pyroxenite in this lode, as elsewhere, includes in places large crystals of phlogopite, 
and also presents in drusy cavities crystals of a scapolite, and occasionally small brilliant 
crystals of colorless chabazite, which are implanted on quartz. 
At the Little Rapids mine, not far from the last, where well defined bands or layers 
of apatite, often eight or ten feet wide, have been followed for considerable distances along 
the strike, and in one place to more than 200 feet in depth, these are, nevertheless, seen 
to be subordinate to one great vein, similar in composition to those just described, and 
including bands of granular quartz. In some portions of this lode the alternations of 
granular pyroxenite, quartzite, and a quartzo-feldspathic rock, with little lenticular mas- 
ses of apatite, are repeated two or three times in a breadth of twelve inches, 
§ 58. The whole of the observations thus set forth in detail above, serve to show the 
existence in the midst of a more ancient gneissic series, of great deposits, stratiform in 
character, complex and varied in composition, and, though distinct therefrom, litholo- 
gically somewhat similar to the enclosing gneiss. Their relation to the latter, however, 
as shown by the outlines at the surfaces of contact, by the included masses of the wall- 
rock, the alternations of unlike mineral aggregates, the evidences of successive and alter- 
nate deposition of mineral species, and the occasional unfilled cavities lined with crystals, 
forbid us to entertain the notion that they have been filled by igneous injection, as con- 
ceived by plutonists, and lead to the conclusion that they have been gradually deposited 
from aqueous solutions. This conclusion is made more apparent when we compare these 
immense banded lodes with the many small veins from a foot in breadth upwards, also 
banded, and lithologically similar to the great lodes, which intersect not only these but 
the ancient gneisses, as already described at the High Rock mine, and also in many other 
localities, especially in parts of the Rideau district. 
It may here be noticed that the very similar banded and vein-like deposits now largely 
mined for apatite in Norway, are regarded by Brogger and Reusch, who have lately studied 
them, as igneous masses irrupted in a liquid condition, : 
hypothesis by which they endeavor to explain many of the phenomena of these deposits. 
For an analysis of their argument, and a forcible statement of the objections thereto, the 
reader atl consult Dr. Harrington’s Cr on the apatite region of the Lièvres. * 



1 Brôgger and Reusch, Zeitschrift d. deutsch. Geol. Gesell. Heft iii. pp. 646-702. Report Geol. Survey ce 
1877-78, G., pp. 11-12. 
