88 G. M. DAWSON ON BORINGS IN 
ring in the epidermis (periostracum) of Solen vagina. (Trans. Micro. Soc., London, 1844, 
Vol. I. p.123) They probably represent either the epidermis of some mollusc or por- 
tions of the test of a small crustacean. 
No. 12. This material (described as “chalk” in the original log) consisted chiefly of 
coarse and fine calcareous granules, the latter under the microscope appearing rounded, 
and being probably concretionary in character. Small selenite crystals are rather 
abundant. The colour of the mass varies from white to pale greenish and reddish grey. 
No. 13 is a soft, reddish shale, slightly calcareous, with small white spots of gypsum. 
The matrix also contains much subangular quartz, in grains which are very irregular in 
size, some being quite coarse. 
Layer No. 14 (over 300 feet in thickness), which is supposed to be equivalent to the 
Galena limestone, and possibly at the base to include a portion of the Trenton, was repre- 
sented by several specimens. It is cream or buff coloured, apparently uniform in charac- 
ter, generally free from detrital matter, and effervesces freely in cold dilute acid. It is 
rather coarsely granular in texture. 
No. 15 is a reddish shale, scarcely calcareous, and with much quartz in subangular 
grains. It resembles No. 13, and contains small crystals of selenite. 
No. 16 was represented by four specimens, of which those from the upper part of the 
bed were pale reddish in tint; these from the lower part nearly colorless transparent 
quartz sand. The reddish coloration is very probably due to admixture of small 
portions of the overlying red shale. The sand is coarse, clean, uncemented, with grains 
all beautifully rounded and polished by attrition, in a manner suggesting the action of 
wind rather than of water, and precisely resembling that of the St. Peter sandstone as 
seen near St. Paul, Minnesota. 
No. 17 is a soft, non-calcareous, dark brownish-red shale with, in some places, very 
thin greenish-grey interlaminations. Under the microscope, it is found to include much 
fine and pretty well rounded quartz sand. 
No. 18. A non-calcareous shale similar to last, but about one third of the fragments 
greenish, while portions of the remainder are a very dark purplish-red. 
No. 19 is a bluish-grey, fine-grained shale or argillite, scarcely laminated and very 
slightly calcareous. A smal] concretionary pellet of gypsum was included with the 
sample, and was probably derived from the shale. 
No. 20. This is a soft, dark reddish material, rather like a clay than a shale. It does 
not effervesce with acid, and, in addition to much fine and some coarse quartz sand, it 
contains half-rounded quartzose fragments as large as grains of wheat. 
No. 21. The rock met with at the bottom of the boring, and said to have been pene- 
trated for two feet, is described as granite. The specimens received, however, consisted 
almost entirely of “cavings” from the upper parts of the hole, mingled with which were 
some small angular flakes of granite or gneiss, chiefly composed of quartz and red felspar 
in rather small crystals. 
While in the complete absence of paleontological evidence and of neighbouring 
outcrops to which reference may be made, the stratigraphical position of the beds passed 
through in this boring may be considered somewhat doubtful. I ain, on careful consider- 
ation, disposed to believe that they represent that portion of the Cambro-Silurian between 
the Maquoketa shales (Cincinnati or Hudson Rivers) and the Lower Magnesian limestone 
