FROM LOWER PALÆOZOIC ROCKS. 171 
they might in part be Utica and in part of true Trenton age. But here we have to 
recollect that with the exception of Whitfield’s distinct assertion that G. serratulus, Hall, 
occurs in the Utica Slate of Oxtungo Creek—which may be easily accounted for on the 
supposition that what Whitfield calls a Didymograptus may possibly be a Leptograptus—not 
a shadow of paleontological evidence has yet been adduced to shew that these Norman’s 
Kill or Marsouin rocks are newer than the Trenton. 
I will not discuss the evidences further in this place, but will merely say that in 
Great Britain the fossils of the Cænograptus (Norman’s Kill) zones occur in the beds 
immediately succeeding the typical Llandeilo Limestone of Wales, with Ogygia Buchii and 
Asaphus tyrannus, and in association with the Craighead (Stinchar) Limestone of Scotland, 
with Maclurea Logani and Ophileta compacta, i.e. in beds apparently homotaxeous with the 
Chazy or Lowest Trenton (Bird’s Eye and Black River). 
If, therefore, we provisionally regard this Norman’s Kill (Marsouin and Griffin 
Cove) zone as coming between the Chazy (Maclurea) and the Trenton Limestone in 
America, it will answer roughly to its equivalent, the Coenograptus gracilis Zone in Great 
Britain, in age as well as in fossils. It may even lie in some localities conformably at the 
summit of the Quebec series of the Eastern Townships, and then, as suggested above, 
come out unconformably below the New York Trenton along the line of the St. Lawrence 
and Hudson Rivers; while, where there is no unconformity, it may shade off into the 
Chazy below and the Trenton Group above, as possibly in the Bird’s Hye and Black River 
localities in eastern Canada. The Chazy is usually associated by Canadian authorities 
with the Calciferous below—the great break supposed to be between the latter and the 
Black River. The fossils of these Norman’s Kill rocks should be sought for in the top of 
the Chazy and bottom of the Trenton, as well as in the Utica; the discovery of a few 
characteristic forms would soon settle the difficulty. 
There is not a doubt that these Cœnograptus or Norman’s Kill (Cap Rouge, etc.) 
beds belong to the second fauna of the Ordovician (Cambro-Nilurian), i.e. they are newer 
than the Graptolitic strata of the Point Levis beds of the Quebec group; in other words, 
they belong to the Trenton-Utica fauna and not to the Calciferous-Chazy fauna. But, 
while this is true, we must remember that they appertain, possibly, almost to the very 
lowest beds of that second fauna, i.e. their place is practically Trenton-Utica, and not 
Utica-Hudson. 
I should expect, therefore, that while the calcareous rocks associated with this 
Marsouin fauna hold many Trenton forms, yet there might occur, associated with them, 
survivors of the Chazy type, and perhaps a number of Black River forms. 
As a first contribution towards a solution of the difficulty, I shall be glad to know if 
it is possible yet to answer the following questions by evidence at the command of the 
Canadian Geological Survey :— 
(a) What are the trilobita and brachiopoda of the Calciferous beds of Griffin Cove, 
and from Griffin Cove to Gros Maule ? 
(6) Have any Graptolites been afforded either by the Black River or Trenton of the 
north of the St. Lawrence, and, if so, what are they ? 
(c) Has a single example of one of the peculiar species (see list before) of the Mar- 
souin beds been detected in any Utica or Hudson River bed on the north and west sides 
of the St. Lawrence, from Lake St. John to St. Mary’s Strait, and, if so, what, and where ? 
