INTRODUCTION. iii 



Crag" ever since Mr. Charlesworth so named it in 1835, on account of its abounding with 

 little coral-like fossils, which, however, when duly studied, were found to be Poli/zoa, Corals 

 being exceedingly rare in it. " Polyzoan" or " Bryozoan Crag" ought, therefore, to take the 

 place of this common misnomer ; but "White Crag," " Lower Crag," and " Suffolk Crag," 

 are stUl better names for this division, and are akeady in use. For general and special 

 information on the Crag deposits, the reader can also refer with advantage to LyelPs 

 'Elements of Geology,' 6 edit., 1865, chap, xii; and to Phillips's ' JManual of Geology,' 

 1855, chap. xiii. In reading these, however, " Polyzoan" must be substituted for 

 " Coralline" and " Zoophytic," with reference to the particular fossils and beds alluded to. 

 In 1843 Mr. S. V. Wood communicated forty-two names (some new and some after 

 D'Orbigny) of Poraminifera found in the Crag to Mr. Morris's ' Catalogue of British 

 Fossils.' In 1844 one of the Foraminifera of tlie Crag was described by Mr. Wood, in a list 

 of the Zoophytes of that formation, published by him in the ' Mag. and Annals of Nat. 

 Hist.,' vol. xiii, p. 21, as a sequel to the lists of the Mollusca of the Crag given by him 

 in 1840-42 in the 'Mag. Ann. Nat. Hist.,' vols, vi and ix. These Mollusca have been 

 fully elaborated by Mr. Wood in Monographs published by the Palseontographical 

 Society : and the Monographs on the Cirripedia, the Echinodermata, and the Polyzoa, 

 of the same formation, by Darwin, Forbes, and Busk, together with the account of the 

 Corals of the Crag in the Monograph by Milne-Edwards and Haime, and of the Ento- 

 mostraca in that by Rupert Jones, leave little to be done in the description of the Fossil 

 Fauna of the Crag Formation ; and the present Monograph on the Foraminifera is 

 intended to lessen still further the remaining desiderata in that direction. 



The collection of Foraminifera obtained by Mr. S. V. Wood from the Crag of Sutton 

 comprises about eighty reputed species, or species and important varieties recorded biuo- 

 mially ; and here we must remark that though, zoologically speaking, many of the recog- 

 nised forms of Foraminifera are not sjiecies, but merely varieties, of different systematic 

 values, yet, for the sake of convenience to zoologist and geologist, they have received and 

 retain binomial appellations, that stand in the lists like specific names. The zoological 

 value of these names is critically indicated in our papers on the " Nomenclature of Fora- 

 minifera," in the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History' for June and November, 

 1859; February, March, April, June, July, and November, I860; August and Sep- 

 tember, 1861 ; February, September, and December, 1863 ; March and July, 1865. 



These Foraminifera from the Crag at Sutton are remarkable, for the most part, for 

 size and abundance. The leading forms are Miliola, Lagena, Nodosarina, Polymorphina, 

 Texttdaria, Pulvinulina, and Nonionina. As a fauna, they are best represented (in our col- 

 lections) by dredgings from the Atlantic, south of the Scilly Isles, at from 50 to 70 

 fathoms, and from the Mediterranean on the north of Sicily, at 21 fathoms. 



From all other parts of the Lowest or White Crag of Suffolk, as far as our collections 

 serve, we have got a somewhat similar fauna, not only greatly reduced in number of 



