ii FORAMINIFERA OF THE CRAG. 



grave, have also yielded us a few Foraminifera, but, as in our other gatherings, with a 

 paucity of individuals, and poverty of size and variety, that are strongly contrasted with 

 the conditions under which Mr. Wood foyind his numerous and large specimens in the 

 Crag of Sutton. On this subject Mr. Wood has rem.arked in letters to us, dated March 

 1 1th, and August 5th, 1863 — " It is pretty nearly as you suspect ; those fine specimens were 

 from a special bed, which was particularly rich in those remains; and nearly the 

 whole of what I then considered my fifty species were obtained from the Crag at one 

 locality in the parish of Sutton. This spot, which formerly yielded to my examination 

 specimens by hundreds (indeed, I may say by thousands), now scarcely supplies me with 

 any. As this locality fails to furnish me with any but the commoner kinds of Shells and 

 Foraminifera, I imagine that the rich community must have nestled in a protected nook, out of 

 the reach of the moving waters, or in some quiet place under specially favoiu'able conditions ; 

 and that the excavations in the deposit, as they have been extended westwards, have 

 passed beyond this particular habitat. The bed at Sutton seems to have been a bank some- 

 thing like the ' Turbot-bank,' about 5 miles south of Lame (Antrim). The Crag at Sutton 

 is somewhat isolated now, and separated from that at Ramsholt probably by denudation. 

 At the latter place the White or Lower (' Coralline ') Crag is overlain by the Red Crag ; 

 but at Sutton it has been excavated by denudation, and the Red Crag abuts against it, 

 as has been pointed out by Lyell ('Mag. Nat. Hist.,' new ser., vol. iii, 1839, p. 314). 

 Most of my specimens came from the east side of this hill, where the Crag deposit 

 appears to have been sheltered ; whilst on the west side the Crag is almost indurated, 

 and its material comminuted." Mr. Wood adds that the true Polyzoan bank of the 

 Crag (in which he found but few Foraminifera) is to be seen in the neighbourhood of 

 Aldborough, Sudbourne, and Orford, overlying the bed wherein Shells, with occasional 

 Actinozoa and Polyzoa, abound. 



The geological relations of the several deposits of " Crag " in Norfolk, Suff'olk, and 

 Essex, have been treated of by Mr. Charlesworth in the ' Proceedings of the Geological 

 Society,' 1835, vol. ii, p. 195, &c. (" On the Crag of part of Essex and Suffolk") ; in the 

 ' London and Edinb. Phil. Mag.' (Nos. 38 and 42, August and December, 1835), 3rd ser., 

 vol. vii, pp. 81, 4G5, &c. (" Observations on the Crag-formation and its Organic Remains, 

 &c.") ; and in the ' Report of the British Association' for 1836, ' Trans. Sect.,' p. 84 (" A 

 notice of the Remains of Vertebrated Animals found in the Tertiary Beds of Norfolk 

 and Suffolk"); also by Sir C. Lyell, 'Mag. Nat. Hist.,' 1839, new series, vol. iii, 

 p. 313, &c. (" On the Relative Ages of the Tertiary Deposits, commonly called ' Crag,' 

 in the Counties of Norfolk and Sufi"olk") ; by Mr. S. V. Wood, jun., ' Annals Nat. 

 Hist.,' March, 1 864 (" On the Red Crag, and its relation to the Fluvio-marine Crag," 

 &c.), also in his " Remarks in Explanation of the Map of the Upper Tertiaries of the 

 Counties of Norfolk, Suff'olk," &c., 1865; and by Mr. E. R. Lankester, ' Geol. Mag.,' 

 1865, vol. ii, pp. 103 & 149 ("On the Crags of Suff'olk and Antwerp "). Of the three 

 recognised divisions of the English Crag, the lowest has been known as the " CoralHne 



