NODOSARINtE. 71 



Vaginulina sulcata, Costa (n. d.)- For. Foss. Terz. Messina, p. 18, pi. 2. 



figs. 1" A, B. 

 Margintjlina eaphanus, Parker and Jones, ISG'2. In App. Carpenter's lutrod., 

 p. 310. 



— INTEEEUPTA, Stache, 1865. Novara-Esped., Geol. Theil, vol. i, part 2. 



p. 212, pi. 22, fig. 45. 



— APICULATA [apicdlifera on the plate], Id. lb., p. 216, pi. 22, fig. 49. 



— SPINULOSA, Id. lb., fig. 51. 



— TRiccspis, Id. lb., p. 218, fig. 52. 



ASPROCOSTULATA, Id. lb., p. 21 9, fig. 53. 



ELATISSIMA, Id. lb., fig. 54 .^ 



Characters. — Shell elongated, subcylindrical or somewhat flattened, arcuate or 

 straight ; composed of few chambers, often ventricose, and the earlier ones often showing 

 tendency towards a spiral mode of growth. Surface ornamented with stout ribs running 

 from end to end of the shell. Length j'gth inch and more. 



The Marginuline form of Linne's Nautilus raphanus is so intimately associated with 

 its Nodosarian form that D'Orbigny was quite correct in cataloguing them together 

 under the name of Marginulina rajjJianus ; but he made a distinction without a difi'erence 

 in separating the more elongate form, as Nodosaria rajm. 



The figures in Soldani's ' Testaceographia,' to which D'Orbigny refers as illustrations 

 of Marginulina raphanus, are associated on the same plate with several Nodosaries, such 

 as N. rapa, D'Orb. [=N. rapJianus) and N. scalaris, among which the gradational 

 conditions may be plainly seen. 



The robust proportions and characteristic Nodosarian ornamentation of Marginulina 

 raphanus, together with the facts that the eccentricity of its apertm-e is variable, and that 

 whilst it has not the helicoid arrangement of the earlier chambers, but is rather alhed to 

 the straight varieties, it shows by its curvature the tendency to a spiral mode of growth, 

 render it the most eligible type for the whole series of Nodosarince. In addition to its 

 suitability on mor}:)hological grounds, it has claims for acceptance on the score of priority, 

 as it was one of the very few Foraminifera described and named by Linne, and conse- 

 quently one of the first of which we have scientific record. 



Marginulina raphanus is often found among the specimens of Nodosaria raphanus 

 abounding at Rimini, in the Adriatic ; but otherwise it is by no means a common Foraminifer, 



1 Of these, figs. 49, 51, and 54 represent individuals in vrbicli the ribbing is weak; and, indeed, in 

 fig. 45 the ribs fail on the last chamber. Still further, some specimens are figured as M. angistoma 

 (fig. 46), M. opaca (fig. 47), and If. mitcromdata (fig. 48), on the same plate, wliich show an absence of 

 costation (excepting a keel in fig. 46), and more or less irregularity of growth, thus presenting the 

 Marginuline condition of Stache's Nodosaria erecta (fig. 12 = A'. radicula), just as the above-quoted costate 

 forms and Stache's N. striatissima together are Nodosarian and Marginuline conditions of Nodosarina 

 rajthanus. 



