314 PORAMINIFERA OF THE CRAG. 



TErNCATULiNA INVOLUTA, Fraiizeiiau, 1889. Math. u. Naturw. Berichten aus 



TJugarn, vol. vii, p. 263, pi. iv, fig. 4. 

 EoTALiA, sp., Beissel, 1891. Abhandl. K. Preuss. Geol. Landes., n. s., part 3, 



p. 73, pi. xiv, figs. 20—24 (thick variety). 

 Tetjncatulina Ungeeiana, Terrigi, 1891. Mem. E. Com. Geol. Ital, vol. iv, 



p. 106, pi. iv, fig. 9. 



— —Be Amicis, 1893. Boll. Sue. Geol. Ital., vol. xii, 



p. 447. 



— — A. Silvestri, 1893. Atti Eendie. Accad. Sci. Lett. 



Arti Zelanti Acireale, vol. v, p. 19, 

 pi. iv, figs. 39 — 41. 



— — Egger, 1893. Abh. k. Bayer. Ak. Wis8., vol. xviii, 



part 2 (not descr.), pi. xvi, figs. 19 — 21. 

 Planoeeultna Ungeeiana, Goes, 1894. K. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Haudl., vol. xxv, 



No. 9, p. 90, pi. XV, fig. 780. 

 TEUNCATrLiNA TJngeeiana, Be Amicis, 1895. Nat. Sicil., Ann. xiv, pp. 53 and 63. 

 PLANOEBrLiNA Ungeeiana, Goes, 1896. Bull. Mus. 0. Z.. Harvard Coll., vol. 



xxix, p. 71. 



Characters. — Shell free, orbicular, depressed; consisting of about three 

 revolutions in a comj^lanate spire ; aboral side convex, depressed at the umbilicus ; 

 oral surface nearly flat ; periphery thin, often acutely carinate. Chambers 

 numerous (8 — 12), convex, extending to the umbilicus, and bounded by sinuous 

 sejital lines on the aboral side. Foramina generally very numerous and con- 

 spicuous ; oral surface of the shell often granular. 



The regular PlanorbulinsB present so unbroken a series that it must always be 

 a matter of individual judgment, rather than one of strict rule, how its subdivision 

 should be effected. Hence, out of deference to the opinion of other authors, we 

 have presented a somewhat limited synonym of P. Ungeriana, else we know of no 

 permanent characters which would have precluded our adding P. Aknerlana and 

 many other so-called species to the list ; for example, Botalina tuberculifera, Reuss, 

 Jiotalia graiiosa, Reuss, TruncatuUna horrida, Karrer, which differ from the 

 normal form in their increased tendency to a granular or tubercular condition, 

 especially of the lower surface. 



Occurrence. — Truncatulma Ungeriana has a wide geographical and bathy- 

 metrical range. The ' Challenger ' Report records its occurrence in the North 

 and South Atlantic, the North and South Pacific, and the Mediterranean. We 

 have numerous specimens in our own Collection from the Indian Ocean. 



In a fossil condition it has been recorded from the Cretaceous of Swanscombe, 

 Keut ; the Eocene (London Clay) ; the Oligocene of Germany ; the Miocene of 

 Malaga, Italy, Vienna, and Muddy Creek (Victoria), and the Pliocene of Garrucha 

 (Spain), Italy, and St. Erth. In the Coralline Crag we have it from every zone 

 examined. 



