IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page. 

 Section C— A description of the American species of Brevoortia, with anatomical and 

 PHYSIOLOGICAL NOTES — Continued. 



8. Size 31 



43. Limits and relationa'of length and weight l^. 31 



44. Variations in individuals of the same schools 31 



45. Eate of growth of yonng fish 32 



46. Kate of growth of fish during their sojourn on the northern coast 33 



9. Color and other minor characteristics... 33 



47. Color of northern flsh ..-- 33 



48. Color of southern fish.... 33 



43. Axillary appendages ... 33 



.50. Arrangement and number of scales 34 



10. Internal organs... .1 34 



51. The strainer in the mouth of the menhaden 34 



52. The accessory branchial organ 34 



53. The alimentary canal 34 



54. The swim bladder...... - 35 



Section D.— Geographical distribution and the movements ot fRB schools 35 



1 1 . Geographical range , 35 



55. Limits of range of Brevoortia tyran'nus in 1877 35 



56. Variations in northern limit in the past 35 



57. Southern limit of range 36 



58. Oceanic limits of range 36 



59. The alleged occurrence of the true menhaden in the Golf of Mexico 36 



60. Eange of other species of the genus 37 



61. The alleged occurrence of a menhaden on the Tvest coast of Iforth America 37 



12. The arrival and departures of the schools 38 



62. Causes influencing .".rrival and departure 33 



63. Material on hand for determining dates 38 



C4. Eeview of the dates of movement upon the entire coast 39 



65. Stay of the schools on the coast of Florida 39 



66. Stay on the coast of Georgia and South Carolina - 39 



67. Stay on the coast of North Carolina 40 



68. Stay on the coast of Virginia and Chesapeake Bay 41 



69. Stay in Delaware Bay 41 



70. Stay on the coast of New Jersey 42 



71. Stay at the eastern end of Long Island 42 



72. Stay in Long Island Sound 42 



73. Stay in Block Island Sound.. 43 



74. Mr. Dudley's account of the movements of the 8chool» eik the coast of Eastern Con- 



necticut 44 



75. Stay in Narragansett Bay 44 



76. Stay in Martha's Vineyard Sound 45 



77. Table showing dates of appearance of menhaden at "Waquoit "Weir 1859-'72 46 



78. Irregularity of the movements of the schools illustrated by the returns ixom "Wa- 



quoit Weir , 46 



79. Stay of the schools on the south shore of Cape Cod 46 



80. St.ay in Cape Cod Bay 47 



81. Stay about Cape Ann 48 



82. Stay in the Gulf of Maine 48 



83. Mr. Maddocks' account of the movements of the schools on the coast of Maine 50 



13. Migrations. (See also Appendix F) 50 



84. Migrations of fishes in general, and the causes 50 



85. The influence of ocean temperatures upon the movements of the menhaden 52 



86. General considerations as to the winter retreat of summer fishes 56 



87. The theory of hibernation of sea fishes discussed with special reference to the 



mackerel 56 



88. The theory of extended migrations discussed, with special reference to the mackerel. 62 



89. The arguments against extended migrations of the menhaden 65 



90. The hypothesis of the oceanic sojourn of the menhaden 66 



91. A criticism of Eimbaud's classification, with a new classification, by habits, of east- 



coast fishes 68 



14. The movements of the schools of menhaden 70 



92. Habits of the schooling flsh ,.. '70 



93. Movements of the schools to and from the surface "il 



