90 DANIEL WILSON ON THE HUEON-IEOQUOIS OF 



nvimerals is widest, the differeut soiirces of change have to be kept in view. In all 

 such comparisons, moreover, allowance mtist be made for the phonetic reproduction of 

 unfamiliar words learned solely by ear, as well as for the peculiar representation of the 

 nasal sounds in their reduction to writing by a French or English transcriber. 



The tradition, mentioned by Dooyeutate Clarke, of Senecas and "Wyaudots living in 

 friendly contiguity on the Island of Montreal in the sixteenth century, naturally suggests 

 the probability that their dialects did not greatly differ. Certain noticeable resemblances 

 between the Seneca and the "Wyandot numerals have been noted above, but it is only 

 their modern forms that are thus open to comparison ; and in the process of phonetic 

 decay the Seneca has suffered the greatest change. But after making every allowance for 

 modifications wrought by time, by adoption of strangers into the tribe, and other internal 

 sources of change ; as well as for the imperfection of Cartier's renderings of the Hochelaga 

 tongue, and for subsequent errors of transcribers and printers, there still remains satisfac- 

 tory evidence of relationship between nearly half of Cartier's vocabulary and the 

 corresponding words of the Wyandot tongue. A comparison has already been made 

 between the Hochelaga numerals and those of the "Wyandots of Anderdon. In the follow- 

 ing comparative tables of numerals, I have placed alongside of the old Hochelaga series 

 derived from Cartier's lists those now in use among the Hiirons of Lorette, as supplied to 

 me by M. Paul Picard, the son of the late Hiiron chief. In the third column another 

 version of the Wyandot numerals is given, from Gallatin's comparative vocabulary. It is 

 derived from different sources, including the United States AVar Department ; and there- 

 fore, no doubt, illustrates the changes which the language has undergone among the 

 Wyandots on their remote Texas reserve. Gallatin also gives another version of Huron 

 numerals derived from Sagard. It will be seen that M. Picard used the t as in Cartier's 

 lists, and in that of the southern Wyandots, where the d is employed in others ; except 

 in the Nottoway numerals, where the tise of both is, no doubt, due to the English tran- 

 scriber. In comparing the different lists, this variation in orthography and also the inter- 

 changeable k and g have to be kept in view. Thus the Cayuga has dekrvnh, in the Oneida 

 dekelonh, where the Tuscarora has nagronh. But the Huron teiidi, in use now both at 

 Lorette and Anderdon, shows the result of long intercourse with Europeans begetting an 

 appreciation of their discrimination between the hard and soft consonants. Had the whole 

 series been derived from one source, such orthographic variations would have disappeared. 

 The lists have been furnished to me by the Eev. J. G. Vincent and M. Picard, educated 

 Htirons ; L. A. Dorion, an educated Iroc[uois ; Dr. Oronhyatekha, an educated Mohawk ; Mr. 

 Horatio Hale ; and also from Gallatin's valuable comparative tables of Indian vocabularies, 

 in the " Archteologia Americana." In the Synopsis of the Indian Tribes, to which these 

 vocabularies form an appendix, Gallatin classed both the Tuteloes and the Nottoways, 

 along with the Tuscaroras, as southern Iroquois tribes. Recent researches of Mr. Hale have 

 established the true place of the Tuteloes to be with the Dacotan, and not the Huron- 

 Iroquois family ; but it is otherwise with the Cherohakahs, or Nottoways, whose home 

 was in south-eastern Virginia, where their memory is perpetuated in the name of the 

 river on which they dwelt. At the close of the seventeenth century they still numbered 

 one hundred and thirty warriors, or about seven hundred in all ; but twenty years later, 

 of the whole tribe only twenty souls survived. At that date two vocabularies of the 

 language were obtained, which furnish satisfactory evidence of the correctness of their 



