88 



The Substratum 



zem soil as a representative of the pedocal and the podzol as a rep- 

 resentative of the pedalfer ilkistrates the effectiveness with which the 

 activity of organisms coupled with differences in climate can modify 

 the substratum. The soil in its development and its organization is 



FOREST COVER 



Raw litter 

 :ompo 

 litter Ao 



Siliceous f Ai 

 mineral soil ^ 



TRUE SOIL< 

 {Acid 

 reaction) 



Compacted 

 zone 



WEATHERED 



ROCK 



Ground water level 



(fluctuates) 



2m H 



Fig. 3.12. Schematic vertical section through a forest soil of the podzol group as 



representative of the pedalfer soil-group division. The subdivisions of the soil 



profile are indicated in relation to the vegetation and the movement of soil water. 



The depth scale is representative, but varies greatly. 



