434 



Succession ami Fluctuation 



Fig. 12.3. Hydrarch succession in Gifford Bog, Falmouth, Massachusetts. Pond 

 lilies {Castalia), bulrushes (Scirpm), and masses of filamentous algae fill in the 

 open water. Cassandra or leather leaf (Cluimaeclaphne) forms islets and also 

 invades the bog at its margin, where it is followed by sweet pepperbush {Clethra 

 (ilnifi)Jia) and later by forest vegetation. 



