436 



Succession and Fluctuation 



primary succession, but in other instances a quite different community 

 is brought into being by the special conditions resulting from the dis- 

 turbance. However, later stages tend toward the type of community 

 found in the primary succession, and ordinarily the same climax is 

 eventually reached. 



An admirable illustration of secondary succession may be observed 

 today in old fields of central New England, and the phenomenon oc- 

 curred on a large scale during the last century when wholesale farm 

 abandonment took place. The early settlers of this region cut down 

 the forests to build farms and homesteads. Where the land was in- 

 tensively cultivated, the stumps and roots of the forest trees were 



TABLE 19 



Representative Species of Birds Present in Various Stages of a 



Typical Hydrosere in Northeastern Ohio to Show the Change in 



Bird Life That Accompanies the Change in Vegetation 



(Aldrich, 1945) 



X = pre.' en t at times; P = permanent resident; S = seasonal. 



