524 



Index 



Biotope, 404 



Biotypes, 325-326 



Birds, changes with succession, 435 



colonial, 5, 324-325 



homing in, 355 



migration, 228-229, 355-357 



reproduction in, 324—325 



territory in, 350-352 

 Black Sea, circulation, 251-252 



oxygen lack, 258 

 Blood, effect of carbon dioxide on, 



266-267 

 Bluegill sunfish, competition in, 321- 



322 

 Bogs, 433-434 

 Boll weevil, 296 



effect of humidity and temperature, 

 181-182 

 Bottom fauna, 29, 66-69, 253 

 Breeding sites as population limit, 486 

 Bromeliads, vertical zonation, 235, 375 

 Buffer capacity of natural waters, 263- 



264 

 Burrowing animals, 72, 76-77, 149-150 

 Burrows as microclimates, 118-119, 



149 

 Buttresses of ceiba trees, 54 



Cactus plants, 122 

 Caddis-flies, 57-58 

 Calciphobes, 285 

 Calciphytes, 285 

 Calcium, in pedalfer soils, 86 



in pedocal soils, 85-86 



in soil, 284-285 

 Calcium carbonate, in fresh water, 

 271-272 



in oceans, 271-276 



in soils, 270-271 

 Capillary water. 111 

 Carbon cycle, 301 



Carbon dioxide, effect on aquatic ani- 

 mals, 266-268 



effect on aquatic plants, 265 



effect on land plants, 261 



in aquatic environment, 262-268 



in atmosphere, 260-262 



reactions with water, 262—265 

 Carbonate, 262-263 

 Carnivores, 393, 467-468, 479-481 

 Carnivorous plants, 279, 393 



Carrying capacity, 485 



Caterpillars, tent, 211-213 



Cave communities, 198-199, 207 



Chemotrophic organisms, 278 



Chernozems, 86 



Chilling, effects of, 168-171 



Chironomid larvae, 253 



Chloroplasts, effect of light on, 198 



Chromatic adaptation, 235-237 



Chrysanthemum, 226 



Cicada, fluctuations in, 458 



Ciliates, prey-predator cycles, 398-399 



Cladocerans, competition in, 397 



effect of crowding, 325 



effect of temperature, 156 

 Climatographs, 109 

 Climax, 431-432, 447 



see also Succession 

 Closed communities, 429 

 Co-action, 18 



Cod, distribution in relation to food, 

 294 



effect of temperature on egg devel- 

 opment, 154 

 Colloidal complex of soil, 79-80 

 Colony, 310, 331, 429 

 Color, of animals, 199-202 

 Color changes in animals, 200 

 Combined water. 111 

 Commensalism, with continuous con- 

 tact, 374-377 



without continuous contact, 377-381 

 Community, classification of, 405 



closed, 429 



composition of, 414-424 



fluctuations within, 451-464 



interrelations, 419 



limits of, 405-406 



species/genus ratio in, 417-418 



stratification of, 420-424 



zonation in, 406-407 



see also Succession 

 Community concept, 401 

 Community dominance, 408-410 

 Community type, 'iAl-AA8 

 Compensation depth, 238, 475 

 Compensation intensity, 238 

 Competition, 317-322, 396-400, 409- 



410 

 Composition of natural waters, 92 

 Conditioning of medium, 319 



