Index 



527 



Gambitsia, 395 

 Gannets, 5 

 Geotaxis, 211-212 

 Geotropism, 207 

 Gills in tidal-zone crabs, 103 

 Glohigerina, 39 

 Globigerina ooze, 71 

 Gloger's rule, 126, 157 

 Grass, beach, 403, 407 



production, 116, 502 

 Grasshopper, Australian, dexelopment 



of, 170 

 Grassland community, ecotone in rela- 

 tion to, 411 



fluctuations in conditions, 115 



soil profile, 87 



stratification of, 420-421 



see also Biome, Life zones, and Suc- 

 cession 

 Gravitational water, 111 

 Gravity, orientation to, 208-209 

 Grazing, on land, 444, 491 



of zooplankton, theory of, 478 

 Group organization, 327-332 



evolution of, 331-332 

 Groups, originating through locomotion, 

 312 



originating through passive transport, 

 311 



originating through reproduction, 

 309-310 

 Growth rings, 317 

 Grunion, reproduction of, 221-222 

 Guano, 141, 303 

 Gypsum, influence of flora, 285 

 Gypsy moth, 47 



development of, 170-171 



Habitat ecology, 14 



Haddock, yield of, 492-493 



Halophytes, 96-97 



Hammock communities, 405-406, 487 



Heat, 129 



control and distribution by, 164-168 



transfer of, in water, 136-138 

 Heat sum, 165-166 

 Heath hen, 327 

 Herbivores, 393, 467-468 



in ocean, 476-479 



on land, 471, 491 



Hermit crab, symbiotic relations of, 



369-370 

 Herring, fluctuations in, 454-456 



food relations of, 415-416 

 Hibernation, 145, 147 

 Holophytic organisms, 278 

 Holozoic organisms, 278 

 Home range, 350-357 

 Homing, 215, 353-355 

 Homoiotherms, 130 

 Homoiothermy, 148 

 Horizons of soil, 80-84 

 Humidity, absolute, 112 



relative, 113-117 

 Humus, 79-80, 301 



see also Soil 

 Hurricanes, transport of organisms by, 



47 

 Hydrarch succession, 432-435 

 Hydrophytes, 99 

 Hygroscopic water, 111 

 Hyperparasites, 389 

 Hypolimnion, 138 



Indeterminate plants, 224 



Indifferent plants, 224 



Inflection point in population curve, 

 338 



Insectivorous plants, 279, 393 



Interstitial fauna, 23 



Intolerant plants, 233 



Intrinsic cycles, 460-461 



Invasion, 427-430, 433 



Ions, abundance, in natural waters, 92- 

 95 



Iris, ecotypes in, 326 



Iron in pedalfer soils, 86-87 



Irruptive fluctuation, 453-457 



Irruptive populations, 342 



Ivy, distribution in relation to temper- 

 ature, 162 



yordan's rule, 158 



Kelp community, 415 



Kinesis, 208 



Knees of cypress trees, 254 



Lakes, calcium carbonate in, 271-272, 

 circulation in, 138-139, 247 

 light penetration in, 191-198 



