Virginia, ending down in North Carolina, these are rather strik- 

 ing features. These are the ones I am familiar with. I am sure 

 there must be lots more. 



van Straaten: Your hypothesis might apply to other cases, but it is unlikely 

 for the Dutch coast, because the coastal barrier in this area 

 probably antedates the Climatic Optimum, A coastal barrier 

 with tidal flat environments on its landward side has existed for 

 at least more than 4000 years (data of Holocene stratigraphy, 

 supported by radiocarbon age determinations). At depths of 14 

 to 17 meters below the present sea level a widespread brackish 

 water formation is found in the western part of the Netherlands 

 which was dated by the carbon-14 method at 7000 to 8000 years. 

 It is most probable that the environment in which the latter was 

 formed was separated from the open sea by a coastal barrier. 



Zeigler: (note added in manuscript) 



ref . : Flint, R. F. 1947. Glacial Geology and the Pleistocene 

 Epoch. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 589 pp. 



p. 487. "The evidence of the fossil plants and, in addition, 

 several entirely independent lines of evidence establish beyond 

 doubt that the climate (with some fluctuation) reached a maxi- 

 mum of warmth between 6000 and 4000 years ago; since then 

 (again with minor fluctuations) it has become cooler and moist 



down to the present time." "The warm, relatively dry 



interval of 2000 years duration has been called the Climatic 

 Optimum. " 



Odum: Just how do you visualize the sand moving in from the open water 



with the waves toward the beach? Your translation is more at 

 the surface, and you do have a reverse translation at the bottom, 

 don't you, which would give you the net transport of sand with 

 the waves breaking inward toward shore with rip tides carrying 

 it out. You can postulate longshore currents moving at great 

 distance laterally, but how do you move it from the open water 

 inward ? 



van Straaten: Much of the water piled up along the coast by waves approaching 

 the shore is carried back seaward by localized rip currents, 

 flowing at least for a considerable part along the water surface. 

 The remaining undertow, flowing seaward along the bottom, is 

 probably not strong enough to transport much sand, so that the 

 net result would be a shoreward movement of sand. Meanwhile, 

 the mechanisms involved are very complicated and still require 

 much detailed study. 



Steers: Do you find shingle there ? 



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