Odum: 

 Burkholder: 



Stevenson: 



Burkholder: 



from marine bacteria growing externally and there is enough 

 for the polyp and the dinoflagellates . It is a very complex sym- 

 biosis there. 



Did you get around to plating out the bacteria in the coral? 



Yes, the bacteria are in the stony part of the coral, down inside 



You know a lot of people have come to Southern California to live 

 and these people have come in such great numbers that the ocean 

 is changing rather significantly, much to the distress of the fish 

 people. We find that in the giant sewage fields offshore, where 

 you have great numbers of bacteria of human origin, (coliform 

 types, of course) one of the significant increases in the plankton 

 are great numbers of ciliates. Normally in the oceans ciliates 

 are relatively minor. So we can detect without any other para- 

 meter a sample of sewage water or contaminated water by the 

 great number of ciliates. At the same time we find that in these 

 sewage fields phytoplankton increased perhaps two or three or 

 even four orders of magnitude. We are not sure to what we at- 

 tribute this except to nutrients maybe several hundred times 

 greater than normal in these areas. One question then that this 

 all leads to: would we expect to find vitamin Bio a^s a trigger 

 mechanism for plankton blooms in a sewage field? 



Yes. I do not agree with some of this recent literature that Bj2 

 is not ever a limiting factor in the ocean. I am sure it is, be- 

 cause there are plenty of places where we can't find it. I could 

 present you evidence for the ratio between the Bj^^ ^^ *^^ sus- 

 pended particulate matter and that dissolved in the sea water, 

 and there is a kind of ratio there that seems to excess. Often- 

 times there is not as much in solution - not available. It is al- 

 ready taken up by particulate plankton and adsorbed on the col- 

 loids and so on, so anything that stimulates the production of 

 synthesizers of Bio would be of significance in the subsequent 

 development of planktonic blooms and other organisms requiring 

 Bi2» ^o^ how would they grow as blooms if there were no B^^''* 



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