4 GEOEGE M. DAWSON ON THE 



therefore separately catalogued, in such a way as to be easily identified on it. Places 

 beyond the limits of the map in question, are so described as to enable them to be recog- 

 nized either on existing maps or on the ground. 



The meanings given for the Indian names of places are such as I was able to obtain, 

 but may not in all cases be accurate. In many instances the Indians themselves do not 

 know what the names mean, and in others it was found difficult to understand the 

 explanations given by them. 



I am indebted to Mr. J. W. Mackay, Indian agent at Kamloops, for several interesting 

 contributions, which will be found embodied in the following pages ; also for his courtesy 

 in replying to many questions which have occurred in the course of the preparation of 

 the matter for this paper. 



The orthography here employed in rendering the native names, is identical with that 

 previously adopted by the writer in his "Notes and Observations on the Kwakiool 

 People" ('Trans. Eoyal Soc. Can.,' vol. v) and in other papers. 



The name Shuswap, the usual anglicised form of Shoo-whfi'-pa-mooh,' that of a tribal 

 division, is in this paper employed to designate all the Salish people of the southern 

 inland portion of British Colvimbia, bounded on the east by the Kootenuha, on the north 

 by the Tiuneh, and westward by various tribes of the Lower Fraser and coast. It is 

 inconvenient to designate the people collectively as the Salish of British Columbia, as the 

 Salish affinities of several tribes on the side of the coast have now been clearly shown. 



Tribal Subdivisions. 



The name of the Shuswaps for themselves, or for Indians in general as distinguished 

 from other peoples, is Koo'-H-mooh, " the people," or, perhaps more strictly, " mankind." 

 They are divided into numerous village-communities, of which a number, though by no 

 means a complete list, is given on a later page. The existence of many small dependent 

 villages or hamlets with names of their own, renders it very difficult to make a satisfac- 

 tory enumeration of the numerous septs. Superior to these, however, five principal divi- 

 sions, depending on différences of dialect, and recognized as such by the natives them- 

 selves, exist among the people of Salish stock in British Columbia. These are given 

 below, together with some notes on the limits of each, which, however, are to be regarded 

 merely as in further explanation of the map upon which the boundaries are drawn. 

 These boundaries nearly correspond with those given by Dr. Boas on the map accompany- 

 ing his report, but the scale of that map is too small and the geographical featixres too inde- 

 terminate to enable the sub-divisions to be shown with precision. On the earlier map 

 which accompanies the " Comparative Vocabularies of the Indian Tribes of British Col- 

 umbia" no attempt was made to show the precise lines of division. 



1. Shoo-wha-pa-mooh (Si'i'-ciuapmaQ,, Boas ; Se-hunpm-uh, Mackay.) These are the 

 Shuswaps proper, from whom the name here applied to the group of related tribes is 



' Sunhvap, as written by Mr. Mackay, is, as he urges, no doubt nearer to the true pronunciation. Shnshirap 

 as employed by Dr. Boas in the heading of his article above cited, is yet another variant. As, however, none of 

 these forms can lay claim to accuracy, and the name is here employed merely as a general designation, I do not 

 feel justified in adding to the confusion which already exists in the matter by changing the orthography long 

 established on the maps. 



