SHUSWAP PEOPLE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. 5 



derived. The people of this tribe aud speaking an identical dialect, possess the largest 

 territory, which includes the Shuswap Lakes aud Adams Lake, the valleys of the South 

 and North Thompson Rivers, and nominally extends northw^ard to Quesnel Lake, though 

 so fevr Indians inhabit or hunt in that region that it is difficult there to fix the limit 

 exactly. The furthest northern point on the Fraser reached by the Shoo-whâ'-pa-mooh, 

 is in the vicinity of Soda Creek ; but to the sotith of the Chilcotin Eiver their country 

 extends to the west of the Fraser, of which river they claim both sides as far down 

 as, and including, the village of Kw'-kwT-a-kiv't' (Bob's village), situated nine miles 

 below Big Bar Creek. They thus spread westward to the north of the Lillooets, and are 

 the only people of the Shuswap tribes whose boundary marches with that of the Tinneh. 

 The country about Clinton and the valley of Hat Creek is part of their territory, including 

 the village of Skwai'-Iuh, on Pavilion Creek. To the south they are bottnded by the 

 Thompsons and Okanagans. They extend nearly to Ashcroft, on the Thompson Eiver, 

 but do not include the Sl/ahl village there, which is Thompson. Eastward, the boundary 

 runs thence nearly along the watershed between the Nicola and Thompson, but Trout 

 Lake, at the head of one branch of Gruichon Creek, is claimed by the Shoo-whfi'-pa-mooh. 

 Grande Prairie belongs to the Okanagans, but all the lower part of the Salmon River, with 

 the Spallumsheen valley nearly as far south as the head of Okanagau Lake, is Shoo-whâ'- 

 pa-mooh country. 



A small isolated band of Shoo-whfi'-pa-mooh is situated near the head of the Colum- 

 bia River, in the midst of the Kootenaha country, as indicated on the map accompanying 

 the " Comparative Vocabularies." According to notes supplied by Mr. J. W. Mackay, this 

 baud emigrated thither about forty years ago, from the North Thompson ; following a 

 route which reaches the Columbia near the mouth of Canoe River. The emigrants 

 there made friends with some Stoney Indians who were in the habit of crossing the 

 Rocky Mountains by the Howse Pass, for the purpose of taking salmon in the Columbia. 

 Supported by these allies, the Shoo-whfi-pa-mooh colonists were able to hold their own 

 till the influx of the whites occurred and prevented fitrther overt acts against them. 



The Shoo-whâ'-pa-mooh call the Tshilkotin Pis-he'-hun-um ; the Thompsons, according 

 to Mr. Mackay, N-ku-tam-etih. Mr. Mackay states that N-ku is the nvtmeral " one," tam-euh 

 or tam-vh means "laud," the compound word thus signifying "one land," "one other 

 land," or the people of another land or country. The Okanagans apply the same name to 

 the Thompson Indians. The Shoo-whâ'-pa-mooh name for the Okanagans is Soo-vjdn'-a- 

 mooh (Su-a-mt-m/ih, Mackay). English and Canadian people are named sa-ma. The people 

 of the United States Sm-apm-uh. 



2. Stil'-thim-ooh (Sllo'llunni, Boas ; Stiat-limuh, Mackay.) These are the people usually 

 known as Lillooets. They inhabit a comparatively restricted territory which lies for the 

 most part to the west of the Fraser River, and, generally speaking, extends westward into 

 the rttgged country of the Coast Ranges as far as the Indians carry their wanderings from 

 the side of the Fraser. The dialect spoken by these people differs very markedly from 

 those of the neighbouring Shuswap tribes. Their boundary ou the side of the other 

 Shuswap tribes has already been indicated, except to the south, where they meet the 

 Thompson Indians. In this direction they extend along both sides of the Fraser nearly 

 to Foster Bar of the maps, their lowest callage here being that named Nes-l-kip, on the 

 west side of the river. To the west they claim Seton Lake, but, according to my inform- 

 ant, not Anderson or Lillooet Lakes of the maps. 



