6 GEORGE M. DAWSON ON THE 



3. N-tla-kâ-pe-mooh {Ntlakyâ'pamua, Boas ; N-hla-kapm-uh, Mackay). These people are 

 generally referred to as the Thompsou River Indians, or briefly as the " Thompsons." 

 They are bounded to the north by the Lillooets and Shoo-whâ'-pa-mooh, as already indi- 

 cated, while to the east their boundary marches with that of the Okanagans, where they 

 claim the country to the west and south of Nicola Lake, but not the borders of the lake 

 itself. They occupy the entire Similkameen valley nearly to the place named Keremeeos, 

 but exclusive of that locality, which belongs to the Olianagans. Westward they follow 

 the tributaries of the Similkameen to, or approximately to, the watershed between these 

 and the branches of the Coquihalla. They extend southward on the Fraser to Spuzzam, 

 and westward in the Coast Eanges as far as the sources of streams flowing to the Fraser. 



The N-tla-kâ-pe-mooh, according to Mr. Mackay, call the Okanagans Schil-hu-a-ut and 

 Schit-hu-a-id-uh. The Indians of the Lower Fraser, who speak various dialects of the 

 Kawitshin language of the " Comparative Vocabularies," again according to the same 

 authority, name the N-tla-kâ-pe-mooh Somena, or " inland hunters." 



4. Oo-ka-na-kane (Okam'km, Boas ; U-ka-nakane, Mackay). These people are gen- 

 erally known as Okanagans. They inhabit the country to the south and east of the Shoo- 

 whâ'-pe-mooh and N-tla-kâ-pe-mooh, including Okanagan Lake of the maps and its 

 vicinity. Their principal place or centre was in early days to the south of the interna- 

 tional boundary, and this place, according to Mr. Mackay, i;; still known to them by the same 

 name as that by which they designate themselves. Their eastern boundary is somewhat 

 indefinite, as between Okanagan Lake and the Columbia valley there exists a large tract 

 of broken wooded country, which was employed only as a hunting-ground. The Kettle 

 River valley probably belonged to the Okanagans, but they seldom extended their excur- 

 sions to the Columbia north of the international boundary. The Oo-ka-na-kane name for 

 whites generally is Pek-it-sa, from pek, " white." 



5. The S-na-a-chikst, a sejit or tribe of the Salish proper, claim the fishing and hunt- 

 ing grounds along the western leg of the Columbia Eiver, including the Arrow Lakes 

 and the lower part of the Kootariie River from its mouth to the first fall, which was a 

 noted fishing place. They now, however, migrate to the north of the international 

 boundary only in the summer season, their centre and winter quarters being in Montana. 

 Their country thus forms a wedge between that of the Oo-ka-na-kane and Kootenuha. 

 The S-na-a-chikst being linguistically a subdivision of the Salish proper, of which the 

 name has been extended to cover a group of linguistically allied people, do not stand 

 quite in the same raiik as the four larger divisions previously enumerated, and might 

 appropriately be designated simply the Salish. The country occupied by them is 

 included in that of the Oo-ka-na-kane on Dr. Boas' map. I have never met w^ith these 

 people, and the facts above noted, together with the rendering of the name, are derived from 

 Mr. Mackay. The same gentleman states that the Pend d'Oreilles (Kullspselm, or "people 

 of the flat land ") and the Spokanes may equally be classed as branches of the Salish proper. 

 The Salish proper, as is well known, were originally designated the " Flat-heads," though 

 not in the habit of artificiallv deforming the cranium. When first discovered by the 

 Canadian voyageurs, slaves from tribes of the coast, where the head was usually deformed, 

 were found among them. 



In concluding this general review of the tribal sub-divisions of the people here col- 

 lectively named Shuswaps, it may be of interest to add the following list of names used 



