12 GEOEGE M. DAWSON ON THE 



ite, shaped miicli like an ordinary cigar-holder and marked with patterns in incised lines. 

 Mr. J. "W. Mackay has since also obtained from the same place a small pipe which differs 

 in shape from any heretofore seen by me in British Columbia. Of this, though not as 

 that of a characteristic form of pipe, a figure is given. (Fig. 3.) 



Fig. 3. 



Another burial place which may be noted, is situated on the terraces above the 

 bridge which crosses the Fraser near Lillooet. This, like the last, is being bared by the 

 blowing away of the sandy soil. No very modern interments appear to have been made 

 here, but some with which rusted fragments of iron, apjparently knives, are associated, are 

 probably not more than fifty years old. Numerous roughly made stone arrow-heads, 

 together with many flakes and chips, again occur here, in association with the bones. 

 Part of a straight steatite pipe, like those from the Lytton graves, was also found. With 

 other bodies considerable quantities of deutalium shells had been buried, probably in the 

 form of some ornaments the stringing thongs of which had disappeared. One skeleton 

 was accompanied by several hundred neatly made fiat bone beads, somewhat irregular in 

 size and shape, and showing evidence of having been ground into form, apparently on 

 some rough stone. Bone awls or borers of various sizes were abtindant. Two pieces of 

 fine-grained argentiferous galena were also found. These, if placed together by their flat 

 edges, form a pear-shaped thick disc, with rounded outer edges. Each part is bored for 

 suspension or attachment. Some at least of the bodies had been surrounded with bark, 

 or the graves may have been lined with bark before the bodies were placed in them. 

 Charcoal and ashes were in such association with the remains as to show that the bodies 

 had either been partially burnt or that fires had been built above them after shallow 

 burial — probably the latter, as none of the bones or objects buried with the bodies were 

 themselves observed to show signs of fire. 



Customs, Arts, etc. 



I am unable to give any detailed account of the burial customs of the Shuswap 

 people, but the following notes bearing on these were made in September, 1877, when I 

 was camped near the mouth of the Coldwater, in the Nicola valley. A considerable 

 gathering of Indians from difterent parts of the country was then occurring at this place. 

 Two separate camps were formed, and when all had collected a sort of ceremonial reburial 

 of the dead was to occur. The preliminary ceremonies in progress appeared to consist of 

 dances, the women, dressed in their best, dancing, while the men sang, and men dancing 

 in imitation of animals, such as the rabbit and the coyote. Singing and drumming accom- 

 panied all the dances, and I was informed that there was eventually to be a " potlatch " 



