16 



GEORGE M. DAWSON ON THE 



and iu some other places, such as the entrances to various lakes, salmon and other fish are 

 speared by torchlight, the usual three-pointed and barbed fish-spear being employed. 



On the smaller rivers and streams, weirs and traps of various kinds are in use. One 

 of the common foi'ms, named Uil-min by the Shoo-wha'-pa-mooh, is illustrated in the 

 accompanying sketch, (Fig. 6) which is from a photograph taken on the Nicola River in 

 1889. It is, of course, essential that a weir of this kind should run completely across the 

 river. In attempting to leap over the obstruction the salmon fall into the basket-like 

 arrangement on the upper side. The framework of the structure is lashed together with 

 bark, and the weir itself is formed of willow or other suitable sticks. 



Fig. 6. 



Another form of trap, noted on the Barrière Eiver, consists of two weirs or fences. 

 each of which stretched completely across the stream. Both fences in this case sloped 

 back up stream. The lower one was formed of upright parallel sticks, duly supported, 

 and was provided with inlets below, consisting of converging sticks, which enabled the 

 salmon going up stream to push through, but prevented their return. The upper fence 

 or weir consisted of horizontal poles and withes closely wattled in and supported by 

 stakes. Between the two weirs the salmon remained till from time to time removed by 

 the owner with a fish-spear of the usual type. (Fig. T.) 





Fig. 7. 



For catching trout iu smaller streams, the Shuswaps also employ a cylindrical fish- 

 trap composed of si>lit pine sticks (P. Mwrrayanu) lashed together, and having an entrance 

 at one end formed of convergent pointed sticks. One or more of these are fixed in a suit- 

 ably constructed weir. This trap is identical with that employed by the Tinneh to the 

 north. It is named Pip'-tih by the Shoo-whâ'-pa-mooh, and is generally employed in 

 catching trout which are running up to spawn. 



