SHUSWAP PEOPLE OP BRITISH COLUMBIA. 



17 



Another simple but effective trap, used for fisli wheu descending the small streams, 

 or running out of the smaller lakes, is shewn by the annexed diagram. (Fig. 8 ) The two 

 trough-shaped parts of which this consists are formed of willow sticks tied to bent cross- 

 pieces of the same or other suitcable wood. The convergent down-stream end of the lower 

 trough, is simply arranged by tying together the leafy extremities of the branches of 

 which it is composed. The upper entrance to the trap is partly concealed by overhanging 

 leafy boughs. The owner sits at no great distance, so that the fish may be removed 

 whenever they enter the lower trough and before they have time to escape by leaping 

 or otherwise. The Shoo-whfi'-pa-mooh name of this trap is mooh' . (Fig. 8.) 



Fig. 8. 



The Thompson Indians say that fire was originally obtained by them by friction, a 

 wooden drill being turned between the palms of the hands for this purpose. The point 

 of the drill was pressed against a second piece of wood, the dry root of the poplar being 

 used for this purpose. "When it was desired to carry fire for some distance, dry cedar bark 

 was made up into rolls (described as being four or five feet long), which gradually 

 smouldered away, lasting for a long time. "Where cedar-trees did not grow near the vil- 

 lages the bark was sought for in the neighbouring mountains. 



Bows were formerly made chiefly of the wood of the juniper {Juniperus occidentaKs), 

 named poontlp. They were also sometimes made of yew {Taxus brevifolia), named skin'-ik, 

 though this tree is scarcely to be found in the Shuswap country. It is reported, however, 

 to grow far up the North Thompson valley. The bow was often covered on its outer sur- 

 face with the skin of a rattle-snake, which was glued on in the same manner which was 

 customary among some tribes of the Great Plains. Arrows were made of the wood of the 

 service-berry. Arrow-heads and spear-heads were made of various kinds of stone, always 

 chipped. The materials are mentioned later in connection with the tradition of the 

 origin of the arrow-stone proper. 



There are within the country of the Shuswaps three notable and well-known local- 

 ities from which red ochre for paint was derived. One of these, named Skivô'-kU-ow, is 

 situated on the east side of Adams Lake, five miles from the lower end of the lake. 

 Another, named Tsui' -a-men, or " red paint," is the remarkable red bluff from which the 

 Vermilion Forks of the Similkameen River is named, the name of the north branch, Tula- 

 meen, representing the Indian word just quoted. This bluff is about three miles above the 

 Forks.^ The third locality is on the Bonaparte, not far above the mouth of Hat Creek. 

 This has not been precisely identified nor was its name ascertained. 



' For description see ' Report of Progress Geol. Surv. Can. 1877-78,' p. 130 b. 



Sec. II, 1891. 3. 



