18 GE0EC4E M. DAWSON ON THE 



The paint- producing locality ou Adams Lake is still widely known among the Indians, 

 and is said to have been resorted to from time immemorial. There is here near the beach 

 a shallow cave, which has evidently been somewhat enlarged if not altogether formed by 

 digging for ochre. It is hollowed along the strike of some soft pyritous schists, kept damp 

 by springs, and in which the decomposition of the pyrites produces an abundance of yel- 

 low ochre. This is collected aud burnt, when it assumes a bright red colour. A black 

 shining mineral was also used in old times to paint the face. This was either micaceous 

 iron or graphite, probably the former. My informant did not know whence it was 

 obtained, but several places from which either mineral could be got are now known. 



In former times the bark of Pinus ponderosa was much in repute as fuel when the 

 Indians were upon warlike expeditions. A fire made of this bark goes out quickly and 

 does not afterwards smoulder, and it is difficult to tell by an inspection of the embers 

 how long ago the fire was made. 



Baskets are made of the tough roots of the spruce cut into strips, with which the 

 split stems of grass are worked in by way of ornament. The latter are often dyed with 

 black or red colours. The commonest form is that shown in figure 9. It is usually carried 

 upon the back, by women, and is employed for many purposes. 



Fig. 9. 



In a paper on the occurrence of jade or nephrite in British Columbia and its employ- 

 ment by the natives,' I have referred to the fact that implements, chiefly adzes, of this 

 material are not only abundant on the littoral of the province, but are also found in con- 

 nection with Indian graves, etc., along the lower portions of the Fraser and Thompson 

 Elvers within the territory of the inland Salish people. It was also noted that small 

 partly worked boulders of jade had been found on the Fraser and Thompson At a later 

 date I was enabled to announce the discovery of rolled pieces of jade in the gravels of 

 the Lewes, a tributary of the Yukon River,^ and in 1888 similar unworked fragments aud 

 rounded boulders of jade were found by Dr. B. J. Harrington and myself, about the site of 

 the old Indian village at Lytton which is alluded to on a former page. A description of 

 these, with analyses, has been given by Dr. Harrington.' It may now be considered as 

 certain, that the jade employed by the natives in the southern part of the interior of British 



' ' Canadian Record of Science,' 1887. 



■ ' Annual Report Geol. Surv. Can. 1887-88,' p. 38 b. 



3 1 



Trans. Royal Soo. Can.,' vol. viii, Sect. Ill, p. 61. 



